Ogula ayerekeze kuchuluka kwa magalimoto otayira powerengera ndalama zotsika kwambiri zololedwa pansi pa zopinga zonse zofunika: kulemera kwenikweni kwa tare, kuchuluka kwa zolipirira za wopanga, kuchuluka kwa magalimoto ndi ma axle, kuchuluka kwa matayala ndi kuyimitsidwa, malire amisewu akumaloko, kuchuluka kwa thupi, kuchuluka kwa zinthu, momwe amayendera, ndi malamulo oyendetsera ntchito. Kuwerengera kwa axle kokha sikukhazikitsa mphamvu zovomerezeka kapena zopanga, ndipo ma kiyubiki mita sangathe kufananizidwa popanda zida zokokedwa.
Thupi lokulirapo limatha kufikira malire ovomerezeka mwalamulo lisanadzaze pokoka miyala yowundana, pomwe chinthu chopepuka chimadzaza thupilo chisanafike pamtengo wovomerezeka. Galimoto yomwe imachita bwino panjira ingakhalenso yosayenera panjira yapagulu yokhala ndi ma axle ndi miyeso yosiyanasiyana.
Ogula Malo Otayira Ayenera Kusiyanitsidwa
| Nthawi | Kutanthauza mu RFQ | Chifukwa chiyani zili zofunika |
| Kulemera kwa tare/curb | Kulemera kwenikweni kwagalimoto mumasinthidwe omwe atchulidwa, okhala ndi mafuta ndi zida zomwe zidafotokozedwa | Malipiro amayamba pambuyo pa namsongole |
| GVWR/GVM | Kuchuluka kovomerezeka kwagalimoto kumanenedwa pagalimoto | Choletsa chimodzi chapamwamba |
| Mavoti a axle | Katundu wololedwa pa ekisi iliyonse kapena gulu lililonse | Kugawa kosakwanira kungathe kuchepetsa malipiro asanachuluke |
| Malipiro adavotera | Mphamvu yonyamulira ya wopanga pamikhalidwe yodziwika | Ayenera kufananizidwa ndi malire alamulo ndi zigawo |
| Kuchuluka kwa thupi | Ma geometric amakhudza kapena kuchuluka kwa voliyumu pogwiritsa ntchito njira yotchulidwa | Amasintha kachulukidwe kazinthu kukhala zoyembekezeka |
| Malipiro ovomerezeka | Malipiro amaloledwa pamalo enieni ndi njira | Akhoza kukhala otsika kuposa mavoti agalimoto |
| Malipiro opindulitsa | Malipiro omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pansi pa ndondomeko yoyendetsera ntchito ndi chitetezo | Amayendetsa cycle economics |
1. Pezani Nambala Yeniyeni ya Kukonzekera Kwawomwe Kwawonjezedwa
Tare amasintha ndi:
- Chassis ndi kasinthidwe ka axle.
- Cab.
- Injini ndi kufala.
- Matanki amafuta.
- Matayala.
- Thupi lakuthupi ndi miyeso.
- Hydraulic system.
- Tailgate.
- Mzere.
- Wilo loyimba.
- Zida ndi zipangizo zomwe mungasankhe.
Osafanizitsa mabukhu a tare ngati matupi ndi zosankha zikusiyana. Funsani aliyense wotsatsa malonda kuti anene momwe kuyeza kwakeko ndi kupereka kugawa tare kwa ekisi-ndi-esele.
2. Yang'anani Zolemetsa Za Gross ndi Axle Pamodzi
Kulipira kogwiritsidwa ntchito kumaletsedwa ndi malire oyamba omwe afikira. Pamlingo wosavuta:
Kuchuluka kololedwa ≤ kuloledwa kulemera - tare weniweni
Koma kuchulukitsitsa kokha sikukwanira. Galimoto yopakidwayo iyeneranso kukhala mkati mwa malire akutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa ma axle kapena gulu la ma axle, kuchuluka kwa matayala, kuyimitsidwa, malire a chassis, ndi malamulo akumaloko.
Pakatikati pa thupi la mphamvu yokoka, ma wheelbase, kugawa katundu, ndi kunyamula zinthu mosagwirizana kungapangitse gulu limodzi la axle kufika malire ake msanga. Pemphani kuwerengetsera kodzaza gwero la zinthu zomwe mukufuna komanso thupi.
3. Sinthani Voliyumu ya Thupi Kukhala Misa
Gwiritsani ntchito:
Kulemera kwa malipiro = kuchuluka kwa katundu × kuchulukirachulukira
Kuwerengera ndikwabwino kokha ngati zolowetsa. Dziko:
- Zakuthupi.
- Kachulukidwe kachulukidwe kotayirira.
- Mtundu wa chinyezi.
- Kutupa kumayembekezeredwa kapena kuphatikizika.
- Njira yowonongeka kapena yowonjezereka.
- Kukula kwakukulu kwa mtanda.
- Adhesion kapena carryback.
Gwiritsani ntchito kachulukidwe kodalirika kwambiri mukamayang'ana chiwopsezo chochulukirachulukira. Pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zopangira miyala, tchulani njira yowongolera katundu wa zombo, monga sikelo ya m'bwalo, masikelo opatulira, chowongolera pa sikelo, kapena zidebe zokhazikika zotsimikiziridwa ndi kulemera kwake.
4. Fananizani Zosintha za Axle ndi Njira ndi Ntchito
| Kusintha | Kumene kungakwane | Zoyenera kutsimikizira |
| Ekiselo imodzi | Malo oletsedwa akutawuni, ntchito zopepuka, kapena ntchito zotsogozedwa ndi luso | Malipiro ovomerezeka, kukula kwa thupi, malire a axle, malo otembenukira, maulendo aulendo |
| Tandem / 6 × 4 | Ntchito yomanga ndi kukokera komwe kumafunikira kuwongolera ndi kuchuluka kwa malipiro | Kugawa kwa ma axle oyendetsedwa, malamulo apanjira, kukwezeka, matayala ndi machesi amthupi |
| Multi-axle/8×4 | Malipiro apamwamba apamsewu pomwe malamulo am'deralo ndi malo amalola | Kutembenuza mozungulira, zolemera za axle, malire a mlatho/msewu, kugawa thupi |
| Galimoto yoyendetsa migodi yotakata | Njira zoyendetsedwa ndi migodi kapena misewu yonyamula miyala | Malamulo atsamba, malo oyambira, ma gradients, kukonza, kutsitsa machesi |
| Galimoto yolumikizidwa | Njira zowongoka komanso zovuta zamitundu yosiyanasiyana | Ndondomeko ya malipiro, kupanikizika kwapansi, ma gradients, nthawi yozungulira, chithandizo cha matayala |
Gome ili likufotokoza malingaliro a kagulitsidwe, osati kuchuluka kwapadziko lonse lapansi. Kukonzekera kwagalimoto, malamulo, ndi malo a malo ayenera kuyang'aniridwa pa ntchito iliyonse.
Malo otayirapo a Wentu akuphatikizapo FAW Jiefang 6×4, FAW Jiefang 8×4, Dongfeng 8 × 4, ndi njira zambiri zamagalimoto oyendetsa migodi. Gwiritsani ntchito izi ngati poyambira masinthidwe ndipo funsani zomwe zaperekedwa.
5. Phatikizanipo Njira Yokokera
Tumizani:
- Msewu wapagulu, msewu wachinsinsi, kapena ntchito zosakanikirana.
- Dziko, chigawo/boma, ndi chilolezo.
- Zoletsa mlatho ndi misewu.
- Kuchuluka kwa kalasi ndi kutalika.
- Pamwamba ndi nyengo.
- Kunyamula mtunda.
- Kutsegula ndi kutaya geometry yadera.
- Malire othamanga.
- Zoletsa zamagalimoto kapena zamatawuni.
- Kutalika ndi kutentha kozungulira.
Kwa ntchito zapamsewu, fotokozani kukana kugubuduzika, matope, miyala yotayirira, ndi kukonzanso. Pamisewu ya anthu onse, wogula ali ndi udindo wotsimikizira kulembetsa, miyeso, ma axle, ndi zofunikira zina zakomweko.
6. Fananizani Zochita, Osati Kulipira Kwambiri Payekha
Kutulutsa kwatsiku ndi tsiku kumadalira:
Kupanga = kuchuluka kwa malipiro ovomerezeka × mizere yomalizidwa
Nthawi yapanjinga imaphatikizapo kutsitsa, kukwezedwa paulendo, kukhala pamzere, kutaya, kubwerera, ndi kuchedwa. Galimoto yokulirapo singachite bwino kutulutsa mphamvu ngati ikunyamula pang'onopang'ono, ikulephera kuyendetsa bwino, kukhala pamzere pa chopondapo, kapena kuyenda pansi pa liwiro la zombo.
Funsani ogulitsa kuti akambirane:
- Loader pass match.
- Thupi lachindunji.
- Nthawi yowerengera.
- Kutembenuka ndi kuyandikira danga.
- Kalasi ndi mayendedwe.
- Malingaliro amafuta ndi kukonza.
- Kupezeka kwa matayala.
- Zida zosinthira ndi dongosolo lautumiki.
Chitani zoyerekeza zopanga ngati zokhazikika panjira komanso zongotengera momwe amagwirira ntchito.
Dampu Truck RFQ Checklist
Zinthu ndi kupanga
- Zofunika:
- Lose density range:
- Chinyezi:
- Mphuno kukula:
- Matani ofunikira/tsiku:
- Maola ogwira ntchito/tsiku:
- Zida zoyika ndi ndowa:
Njira
- Pagulu/zachinsinsi/zosakanizidwa:
- Ulamuliro:
- Mtunda:
- Mlingo wapamwamba kwambiri:
- Pamwamba:
- Mkhalidwe wanyengo:
- Malo otembenuza ndi kutaya:
Galimoto
- Kukonzekera kwa axle kumafunika:
- Driveline:
- Zoyambira zenizeni:
- GVWR/GVM:
- Mavoti a ekisi ndi matayala:
- Malipiro adavotera:
- Thupi logunda / kuchuluka kwamphamvu:
- Thupi ndi liner:
- Kugawa kwa axle yodzaza:
Zamalonda
- Kuchuluka:
- Zolemba zofunika:
- Udindo wa homogation/kulembetsa:
- Zida zosinthira:
- Maphunziro:
- Kopita:
- Ndandanda:
Tsimikizirani kuchuluka kwa Magalimoto ndi Malonda
Funsani mawu okhudza kasinthidwe owonetsa chassis, ma axle, thupi ndi kukula kwake, tare basis, payload basis, matayala, powertrain, braking, tipping system, zida zachitetezo, zida, zida zosinthira, zolemba, komanso kuchuluka kwa zogulitsa. Woperekayo afotokoze kuchuluka kwa madongosolo ocheperako, mawonekedwe a thupi ndi zida zomwe zilipo, miyezo ya msika komwe akupita kapena umboni wa ziphaso woti aperekedwe, mawu oyendera, zolongedza katundu kapena kukonzekera kutumiza, nthawi yotsogolera pambuyo pa kuvomereza kwatsatanetsatane, ndi mitengo. Fananizani magalimoto okhawo omwe ali ndi ntchito yofanana, njira, malire ovomerezeka, kuchuluka kwa thupi, chitsimikizo, ndi mawu otumizira.
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri
Kodi galimoto yamtundu wa tri-axle nthawi zonse imanyamula zochulukirapo kuposa za tandem-axle?
Ayi. Kuchuluka kwenikweni kumadalira kuchuluka kwa matope, ma ekisilo, malamulo akumaloko, kapangidwe ka thupi, matayala, ndi malire a njira.
Kodi kuchuluka kwa thupi kumafanana ndi kuchuluka kwa malipiro?
Ayi. Voliyumu imakhala yolemera pokhapokha mutagwiritsa ntchito kachulukidwe kachulukidwe kazinthu komanso momwe mumayikira.
Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa malipiro ovomerezeka ndi ovomerezeka?
Malipiro ovotera amachokera kumayendedwe agalimoto pansi pamikhalidwe yofotokozedwa. Malipiro ovomerezeka ndi omwe galimotoyo ingathe kunyamula panjira yeniyeni pambuyo pa tare, axle, gross, dimension, ndi malire a ulamuliro.
Chifukwa chiyani mumafunsira zolemetsa za ekseli-ndi-ekisero?
Gulu limodzi la ekseli likhoza kudzaza galimoto isanathe kufika malire ake. Kugawa kwa axle kumawonetsa ngati thupi ndi malo azinthu zili zoyenera.
Ndi masinthidwe ati omwe ali abwino kwambiri kumigodi?
Izi zimatengera ngati ntchitoyo ili pamsewu kapena panjira, mayendedwe apamsewu, magiredi, zida zonyamulira, zomwe mukufuna, kukonza, matayala, ndi malamulo a malo.
Pemphani Malingaliro Alori Okhudza Njira
Wentu/Juxiang amapereka magalimoto otaya, magalimoto onyamula mathirakitala, ma semi-trailer, magalimoto apadera, ndi makina opangira ntchito zakunja. Unikaninso za gulu la magalimoto otaya ndikutumiza kachulukidwe kazinthu, njira, malire azamalamulo, chandamale yopanga, masinthidwe omwe mukufuna, zofunikira za thupi, kuchuluka, kopita, ndi dongosolo kudzera mu tsamba lolumikizana.
