Impendulo eqondile: Abathengi bemikhumbi kufanele baqhathanise abakhiqizi bamaloli alahlayo ngezindawo eziyisikhombisa ezingaqinisekiswa: isibopho sabahlinzeki, ukumiswa kwe-chassis, ukucaciswa komzimba, isisekelo somthwalo okhokhelwayo, ubufakazi bokuhlola, ukusekela izingxenye eziyisipele, kanye nemibhalo yendawo. Ikhotheshini ephansi ayinakuqhathaniswa ngaphandle kwalapho wonke umphakeli eqinisekisa ububanzi beloli elifanayo, ukumiswa okusemthethweni, umjikelezo wemisebenzi, indlela yokwamukela, iphakheji yokulethwa, kanye nosekelo lwangemva kokuthunyelwa.
Lokhu kuhlola kuhloselwe abaqhubi bemikhumbi, osonkontileka bezimayini nabakhayo, abasabalalisi bemishini, izinkampani zokuthutha, abathengi bephrojekthi kahulumeni, kanye namathimba okuthenga athola amaloli emazweni ngamazwe. Ngaphambi kokucela izintengo, abathengi kufanele bachaze uhlelo lokusebenza futhi babuyekeze lahla isigaba somkhiqizo weloli ukuhlonza imindeni yezimoto ezifanele. Uhlu olufushane kufanele ke lwakhiwe eduze nobufakazi, hhayi izimangalo zekhathalogi noma umthwalo owodwa wesihloko.
Ayini Amasango Okucwaninga Amabhuku Ayisikhombisa Abakhiqizi Bamaloli Okulahla Impahla?
| Audit Gate | Okufanele Umthengi Akuqinisekise | Ubufakazi Bokucela | Ingozi uma Yeqiwa |
| 1. Isibopho somphakeli | Ubani ohlinzeka nge-chassis, akhe umzimba, ahlanganise uhlelo lwe-hydraulic, enze ukuhlola, futhi aphathe iwaranti? | I-matrix yemfanelo ebhaliwe, indima yenkampani, indawo yefekthri noma yokuhlanganisa, kanye nomzila wokuxhumana wewaranti. | I-chassis, umzimba, nezinkinga ze-hydraulic zidluliswa phakathi kwezinhlangothi ezihlukene ngemuva kokubeletha. |
| 2. Ukucushwa kwe-Chassis | Imodeli eqondile, ukuhlelwa kwedrayivu, ukumiswa kwe-ekseli, i-wheelbase, injini nobubanzi bokudlulisa, ukucaciswa kwesondo, nokucushwa kwendawo okuyiwa kuyo. | Ishidi lobuchwepheshe eliqondene nokucushwa kanye nesithasiselo sokucaphuna. | Iloli elethiwe lihlukile kumodeli esetshenziswe ngesikhathi sokuqhathanisa ezohwebo. |
| 3. Ukucaciswa komzimba | Ubukhulu bangaphakathi, ivolumu yegama, okokusebenza, idizayini yephansi neseceleni, ukuqinisa, i-tailgate, i-subframe, nokuhlelwa kwethiphu. | Umdwebo womzimba, ishejuli yezinto ezibonakalayo nokuqina lapho kutholakala khona, kanye nesitatimende esihlosiwe. | Umthamo omkhulu ucashuniwe ngaphandle kokufakazela ukufaneleka kwempahla ehudulwayo noma umjikelezo womsebenzi. |
| 4. Isisekelo sokukhokha | Isisindo sokunciphisa, isisindo semoto iyonke, isisekelo somthwalo we-ekseli, ukukhokhelwa okulinganiselwe, umthamo womzimba, kanye nemikhawulo yomthetho noma yephrojekthi okuyiwa kuyo. | Ukwehlukaniswa kwesisindo nomthwalo kusetshenziswa incazelo eyodwa engaguquki. | Abahlinzeki abahlukene basebenzisa izincazelo ezihlukene zomthwalo okhokhelwayo, okwenza amanani abonakale eqhathaniswa uma kungenjalo. |
| 5. Ukukhiqiza nokuhlola | Ukushisela okubalulekile, ukuqondanisa umzimba, ukufakwa kwe-hydraulic, umsebenzi we-tipping, ukuhlola ukuvuza, amalebula okuphepha, nokuhlolwa kokugcina kwemoto. | Uhlelo lokuhlola, amarekhodi, izithombe, imiphumela yokuhlolwa, namaphoyinti okuvunyelwana ngawo ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa. | Amaphutha atholwa kuphela ngemuva kokufika, lapho izindleko zokulungisa nesikhathi sokuphumula kuphezulu. |
| 6. Izingxenye ezisele kanye nenkonzo | Iphakheji yokuqala eyisipele, ukuhlonza ingxenye, amamanuwali, ukuxilonga, inqubo yesiqinisekiso, nomzila wokuphendula wobuchwepheshe. | Uhlu oluseceleni lwenombolo, amanani anconyiwe, abathintwayo bosekelo, nenqubo yesiqinisekiso. | Imikhumbi ithola okusebenzisekayo kodwa ayikwazi ukuhlonza noma ukuthola izingxenye ezibalulekile ezishintshayo. |
| 7. Imibhalo yokuthekelisa kanye nendawo oya kuyo | Amadokhumenti ezohwebo, amadokhumenti omsuka, ububanzi bokuthumela, ukugunyazwa kwendawo okuyiwa kuyo, amamanuwali, amalebula, nanoma imaphi amarekhodi okuhlola ashiwo umthengi. | Uhlu lokuhlola idokhumenti luhambisana nendawo kanye ne-Incoterm. | Izimoto zifika namadokhumenti angaphelele, ukucushwa okungalungile, noma umsebenzi wendawo ongalindelekile wokugunyaza. |
Isifundo sokuqala semboni ukuthi "umkhiqizi" angachaza izindima ezehlukene zezohwebo. Omunye umphakeli angase akhiqize i-chassis, omunye enze umzimba wokulahla, futhi omunye angase ahlanganise, ahlole, athekelise, futhi asekele imoto ephelele. Abathengi akufanele banqabe imodeli ehlanganisiwe yomphakeli, kodwa kufanele bazi kahle ukuthi ubani onesibopho sesistimu ngayinye nokuthi ubani ozoxazulula ukwehluleka.
Ubani Ngempela Obophezelekile Ngeloli Eliphelele?
Iphrojekthi yokuthekelisa iloli yokulahla imfucuza ingabandakanya umenzi we-chassis, umakhi womzimba, umphakeli wesistimu ye-hydraulic, isihlanganisi sezimoto, umthumeli ngaphandle, umdayisi wasendaweni, kanye nozakwethu wesevisi. Umthengi udinga indawo eyodwa ebhaliwe ekhombisa ukuthi umthwalo ngamunye uqala futhi uphela kuphi.
Buza umhlinzeki ngamunye osohlwini olufushane ukuthi akhombe:
- Uhlobo lwe-chassis kanye nemodeli eqondile ehlongozwayo
- Ubani okhetha futhi aqinisekise ukucushwa kwe-chassis
- Ubani okhiqiza noma ohlinzeka ngomzimba wokulahla
- Ubani oklama noma ofaka uhlaka oluncane kanye nesistimu yokunikeza ithiphu
- Ubani owenza ukuhlanganiswa kokugcina nokuhlola ngaphambi kokulethwa
- Ubani ohlinzeka ngomzimba, i-hydraulic, chassis, kanye nosekelo lwewaranti kagesi
- Ohlinzeka ngamadokhumenti okuthekelisa kanye nolwazi lokuthumela
- Ohlala exhumana nomthengi ngemuva kokulethwa
Iphutha elivamile lomthengi ukwamukela ikhotheshini ngaphansi kwegama lenkampani eyodwa kuyilapho umthwalo wewaranti uhlukaniswa phakathi kwezinhlangano ezimbalwa. Inkontileka yokuthenga akufanele incike ezitatimendeni ezingakahleleki njengokuthi “imboni ye-chassis izosingatha.” Idinga i-matrix yesibopho kanye nomzila owodwa wokukhuphuka ukuze unikeze okuphelele.
I-Wentu izibeka njengozakwethu wokukhiqiza nohlanganisiwe usebenzisa izinsiza zefekthri eziningi zamaloli okulahla, ama-trailer, amaloli kagandaganda, amaloli akhethekile, nemishini yokwakha. Abathengi ababuyekeza le modeli bangasebenzisa i Uhlolojikelele lokuhlinzekwa kwezimoto ze-Wentu nemishini ukuqonda ububanzi bomkhiqizo womkhiqizo, kuyilapho kusadingeka ukuqinisekiswa okuqondile kwephrojekthi kwefekthri yangempela, ukumisa, ukuhlolwa, kanye nesibopho sewaranti ye-oda ngalinye.
Kufanele Abathengi Bazijwayeze Kanjani I-Chassis Nezicaciso Zomzimba?
Amaloli amabili okulahla i-axle anencazelo efanayo ye-ekseli asengahluka nge-wheelbase, i-drivetrain, injini kanye nobubanzi bokudlulisa, izilinganiso ze-ekseli, amathayi, ikhebhu, ukucushwa kwe-emissions, usayizi womzimba, isistimu ye-hydraulic, nokufaneleka okusemthethweni. Ukuqhathanisa komhlinzeki kusebenza kuphela uma lezi zinto sezijwayelekile.
| Into yokuqhathanisa | Imfuneko ye-RFQ Encane | Kungani Ishintsha Isinqumo Sokuthenga |
| Ubunikazi be-chassis | Ibhrendi, imodeli, ukucushwa kokukhiqiza, uhlobo lokushayela, ukuhlelwa kwe-ekseli, ne-wheelbase. | Ivimbela abahlinzeki ekucaphuneni izimoto eziyisisekelo ezihlukene ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo ofanayo jikelele. |
| Ububanzi be-Powertrain | Injini, ukudlulisa, i-axle yokushayela, uhlobo lukaphethiloli, ukumiswa kokukhipha umoya, nokuqagela kokupholisa. | Ishintsha ukufaneleka komsebenzi, ukunakekelwa, ukusebenzisana nophethiloli wendawo, nokusekelwa kwezingxenye. |
| Ububanzi bethaya namasondo | Usayizi wesondo, iphethini, ukusetshenziswa, inani, ububanzi besondo eliyisipele, kanye nomkhiqizo wokunikezela uma kudingeka. | Ishintsha ukusebenza okuphansi, ukutholakala kokushintshwa, izindleko zokusebenza, nevelu yokulethwa. |
| I-geometry yomzimba | Ubude bangaphakathi, ububanzi, ubude, ivolumu yokulinganisa, uhlobo lwe-tailgate, nesixhumi esibonakalayo sokulayisha. | Inquma ukuthi ingabe umzimba ufana yini nokokusebenza, umshini wokulayisha, nemikhawulo yomzila. |
| Ukwakhiwa komzimba | Incazelo yezinto ezibonakalayo, idizayini yephansi neseceleni, ukuqinisa, uhlaka oluncane, kanye nokusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe. | Izinguquko ze-tare mass, impilo yokuguga, ukulungiseka, ukukhokhelwa, kanye nesamba sezindleko ezifakiwe. |
| Isistimu yokunikeza ithiphu | Ukuhlelwa kweHydraulic, ukumiswa kokuphakamisa, izilawuli zokusebenza, nezidingo zokuhlola. | Ishintsha ukusebenza kwethiphu, ukusebenza kahle, ukuphepha, nokuhlelwa kwezingxenye ezisele. |
Isifundo sesibili semboni ukuthi amagama amamodeli ewodwa awawona ukumiswa. Amakhotheshini okuthumela ngaphandle kufanele afake isithasiselo sobuchwepheshe esilawulwa ukubuyekezwa. Lapho umthengi eshintsha indawo okuyiwa kuyo, imfuneko yokukhishwa kwezinto, isondo, umzimba, noma uhlelo lwe-asi, umphakeli kufanele akhiphe ukucushwa okubuyekeziwe esikhundleni sokuhlela ikhasi lentengo kuphela.
Ukuze uqhathanise iphrojekthi, abathengi bangabuyekeza umkhiqizo ogxile ezimayini njenge Iloli yokulahla imfucumfucu yezimayini ye-Hanwo kanye nenketho ye-multi-axle ehamba emgwaqeni njenge FAW Jiefang 8×4 iloli yokulahla. Lezi zixhumanisi ziqinisekisa ukuthi imindeni yezimoto ehlukene ikhona phakathi kwebanga lokunikezela; azithathi indawo yesidingo semidwebo eqondene nokucushwa, izisindo, ukuqinisekiswa komjikelezo wemisebenzi, kanye nokubuyekezwa kwendawo okuyiwa kuyo.
Kungani Kufanele Buyekezwe Ubufakazi Bokukhokha Ngaphambi Kwenani Leyunithi?
Izimangalo zomthwalo okhokhelwayo zingasekelwe esilinganisweni somthwalo okhokhelwayo, umthamo womzimba, isisindo semoto iyonke, inani lokusebenza eliqondene nesayithi, noma incazelo yokumaketha. Abathengi akufanele baqhathanise izibalo zokukhokhelwa kuze kube yilapho wonke umphakeli esebenzisa izincazelo ezifanayo.
I-RFQ kufanele icele:
- I-Curb mass yemoto ephelele ecashuniwe
- Isisindo semoto iyonke noma isisekelo sesisindo esisebenzayo
- Ukuqagela komthwalo we-ekseli wangaphambili nangemuva
- Iholo elilinganiselwe kanye nomthombo waleso silinganiso
- Umthamo womzimba omncane nobukhulu bomzimba wangaphakathi
- Into eqondisiwe kanye nokuminyana kwenqwaba okuxekethile
- Noma yimuphi umkhawulo wezomthetho, umgwaqo, ibhuloho, noma iphrojekthi okuyiwa kuyo
- Zonke izisetshenziswa ozikhethela zona ezifakwe ku-curb mass ecashuniwe
Isifundo sesithathu semboni ukuthi ukwengeza umzimba omkhulu kunganciphisa ukukhokhelwa okusebenzisekayo lapho umzimba ngokwawo ukhulisa i-tare mass noma ukhuthaza ukugcwala ngokweqile ngezinto eziminyene. Intengo kufanele iqhathaniswe ngokucushwa okuqinisekisiwe kanye nomsebenzi, hhayi ngokumelene nevolumu enkulu yomzimba ephrintwe kukhathalogi.
Abathengi kufanele futhi bahlukanise amandla emboni kusemthethweni wendawo. Iloli lingase likwazi ngokomshini ukuthwala umthwalo ongavunyelwe emigwaqweni yomphakathi yendawo noma ingqalasizinda yephrojekthi. Umphakeli kufanele ahlonze isilinganiso sefekthri, kuyilapho umthengi noma uzakwethu wasendaweni wokuthobelana eqinisekisa umkhawulo wendawo.
Yibuphi Ubufakazi Bokukhiqiza Nokuhlola Okufanele Kuvunywe?
Isithombe sefekthri noma isitatimende sekhwalithi evamile asifaki ubufakazi bokuthi imoto yomthengi ngqo yakhiwe futhi yahlolwa ngokwesilinganiso okuvunyelwene ngaso. I-oda kufanele liqukathe uhlelo lokuhlola olusebenzayo oluhlanganisa ubunikazi be-chassis, ukwenziwa komzimba, ukufakwa kwe-hydraulic, umsebenzi wokunikeza ithiphu, amalebula, izisetshenziswa, amadokhumenti, nesimo sokugcina semoto.
Ngaphambi Kokukhiqiza
- Gunyaza ishidi lokugcina lokucushwa nomdwebo womzimba.
- Friza imodeli ye-chassis, ubukhulu bomzimba, ububanzi be-hydraulic, amathayi, umbala, amalebula, izinsiza, nohlu lwamadokhumenti.
- Rekhoda konke ukuchezuka ku-RFQ yasekuqaleni.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi yikuphi ukuhlolwa okuzobhalwa futhi okudinga umthengi noma umuntu wesithathu ukuba khona.
Ngesikhathi Sokuhlanganiswa Komzimba Nezimoto
- Qinisekisa ubunikazi be-chassis ngokumelene ne-oda eligunyaziwe.
- Hlola ubukhulu bomzimba, ukuqondanisa, ukuqinisa, uhlaka oluncane, ukukhwezwa, nesimo sokwenziwa esibonakalayo.
- Hlola umzila we-hydraulic, ukuvikelwa kwepayipi, ukuvuza, izilawuli, nokusebenza kokuphakamisa.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi okokusebenza okungeziwe akuphazamisi amathayi, ukumiswa, i-drivetrain, ukunyakaza kwekhebhu, noma ukufinyelela kwesevisi.
Ngaphambi Kokuthunyelwa
- Yenza ukuhlola okuphelele kwemoto ebonakalayo nokusebenzayo.
- Rekhoda umsebenzi wokuphakamisa nokwehlisa umzimba ngaphansi kwesimo sokuhlola esiphephile okuvunyelwene ngaso.
- Hlola izibani, izisetshenziswa eziyisixwayiso, amalebula, amathuluzi anikeziwe, amamanuwali, izingxenye eziyisipele, nezisetshenziswa.
- Qinisekisa imininingwane ye-serial, ukupakisha noma ukulungiswa kokuthunyelwa, ubukhulu bokuthumela, nokuvumelana kwedokhumenti.
- Khipha uhlu lokugcina oluhlukile futhi uvale yonke into evuliwe ngaphambi kokukhishwa kokuthunyelwa.
Isifundo sesine semboni ukuthi isethi yesithombe esisodwa sangaphambi kokuthunyelwa akulona uhlelo lokuhlola. Abathengi kufanele bachaze imibono edingekayo, amarekhodi okuhlola, izindawo zokuhlonza, imikhawulo yokwamukela, kanye nenqubo yokungathobeli imithetho ngaphambi kokuqala kokukhiqiza. Uma kungenjalo, abahlinzeki nabathengi bangase bangavumelani ngokuthi “ukuhlolwa okuphumelele” kusho ukuthini ngempela.
Kufanele Zihlolwe Kanjani Izingxenye Ezisele Newaranti?
Ngemikhumbi ethunyelwa ngaphandle, ukusebenza kahle kungase kubaluleke kakhulu kunomehluko omncane enanini lokuqala. Imoto engakwazi ukulungiseka ngokushesha ingase idale ukulahlekelwa okuphezulu ngesikhathi sokuphumula, ukuthutha impahla ezimweni eziphuthumayo, amaloli amazimu, nokusekelwa kwendawo okungaphelele.
Iphakheji lokusekela elisebenzisekayo kufanele lifake:
| Into Yokusekela | Impendulo Yomhlinzeki Ebuthakathaka | Impendulo Elungele Umthengi |
| Iphakheji eliyisipele lokuqala | "Izingxenye ezisele zamahhala zifakiwe." | Uhlu olunenombolo eyingxenye nenani, incazelo, uhlelo lwemoto, nenani lephakheji. |
| Isitoko esinconyiwe | Uhlu olulodwa olujwayelekile lwawo wonke amaphrojekthi. | Uhlu lulungiselwe usayizi wemikhumbi, umjikelezo wemisebenzi, amahora okusebenza, indawo, nesikhathi esilindelekile sokugcwalisa. |
| Ukuhlonza amamanuwali nezingxenye | Ibhukwana elijwayelekile noma imanuwali yomsebenzisi engaphelele. | Isisebenzisi, ukunakekelwa, izingxenye, kanye nolwazi lokuxazulula inkinga lokucushwa okucashuniwe. |
| Inqubo yewaranti | "Iwaranti ngokuya ngenqubomgomo yefekthri." | Ukufakwa okubhaliwe, okungafakwanga, ubufakazi besimangalo, indlela yokuphendula, isibopho sezingxenye, nokuqagela kwabasebenzi noma kwesevisi yendawo. |
| Impendulo yobuchwepheshe | Oxhumana naye womthengisi kuphela. | Iziteshi zokukhuphuka kwezentengiso nezokusebenza ezinezinyathelo ezilindelekile zokuphendula. |
Isifundo sesihlanu semboni ukuthi uhlu lwezingxenye ezisele ngaphandle kwezinombolo zezingxenye kanye nezinkomba zokucushwa kunzima ukuzisebenzisa. Umthengi kufanele akwazi ukuxhuma zonke izipele ezibucayi elolini elethiwe futhi alihlele kabusha ngaphandle kokwakha kabusha imininingwane ethathwe ezithombeni.
Iwaranti kufanele futhi ihlukaniswe ngesistimu. Cacisa ukuthi izimangalo ezibandakanya i-chassis, umzimba wokulahla imfucumfucu, isistimu ye-hydraulic, izinsiza zikagesi, nezinto zokusebenza ezingezwe abahlinzeki zizotholwa futhi zixazululwe kanjani. Isikhathi sewaranti esisodwa asiphenduli ukuthi ubani okhokhela izingxenye, impahla, abasebenzi, noma ukuxilongwa kwenkampani yangaphandle.
Yimaphi Amadokhumenti Okuthekelisa Okufanele Aqinisekiswe Ngaphambi Kokukhishwa Kwe-oda?
Izidingo zedokhumenti ziyahlukahluka ngendawo, ukumiswa kwemoto, umzila wokubhalisa, umnikazi wephrojekthi, indlela yokuthumela, kanye ne-Incoterm. Umphakeli akufanele athembise ukuthobela umhlaba wonke ngaphandle kokuthi umthengi ahlonze izwe eliqondiwe nendlela yokugunyaza.
Umthengi kufanele alungiselele isembozo se-matrix yedokhumenti okuyiwa kuyo, njengoba kusebenza:
- I-invoyisi yezohwebo nolwazi lokupakisha
- I-appendix yenkontileka nokumisa
- Isitifiketi somsuka noma amadokhumenti omsuka adingeka umthengi
- Ukuhlonza imoto kanye nedatha yobuchwepheshe
- Amamanuwali, amalebula, nezidingo zolimi
- Amarekhodi okuhlola noma okuhlola adingwa umthengi
- Ubukhulu bokuthumela, isisindo, ukuphakamisa, ukuvikela, noma ulwazi lokuqaqa
- Amadokhumenti adingwa ukubhaliswa kwendawo okuyiwa kuyo noma umzila wokwamukela iphrojekthi
Isifundo sesithupha sembonini ukuthi imibhalo yokuthumela ngaphandle kufanele iqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokukhiqizwa, hhayi ukuqoqwa ngemva kokuba amaloli eselungile. Ezinye izimfuneko zedokhumenti zingathinta i-chassis ekhethiwe, amalebula, ukuhlonza, ukucushwa komzimba, noma inqubo yokuhlola. Ukutholwa sekwephuzile kungabangela ukusebenza kabusha noma ukubambezeleka kokuthunyelwa.
Yiziphi Izimangalo Zabahlinzeki Okufanele Zicuphe Ukucwaninga Okujulile?
Abathengi be-Fleet kufanele baphathe izimpendulo ezilandelayo njengezimpawu zokuqinisekisa okwengeziwe:
- Ishidi elilodwa lokucaciswa linikezwa ama-chassis amaningi ahlukene noma ukucushwa komzimba.
- Umphakeli ucaphuna ukulayisha okukhokhelwayo kodwa ngeke ahlinzeke ngesisindo somgwaqo, ubukhulu bomzimba, noma isisekelo somthwalo we-asi.
- Umphakeli akakwazi ukuchaza ukuthi ingabe umenzi we-chassis, umakhi womzimba, umdidiyeli, noma umthumeli ngaphandle.
- Umzimba uchazwa kuphela ngevolumu ye-cubic, ngaphandle kwempahla, i-geometry, imithwalo ehlosiwe, noma umdwebo.
- Ikhotheshini isebenzisa "ukumisa okujwayelekile" kodwa ayichazi izinga.
- Ulimi lwewaranti alubonisi umthwalo wemfanelo we-chassis, umzimba, i-hydraulic, namasistimu angeziwe.
- Iphakheji eliyisipele alinazo izingxenye zezinombolo noma ubudlelwano nemoto ecashuniwe.
- Ukuthobela indawo oya kuyo kuthenjiswa ngaphandle kokucela izwe, umzila wokubhalisa, noma amadokhumenti adingekayo.
- Kucelwa i-oda elikhulu lemikhumbi ngaphambi kokuvunyelwa kokucushwa noma imibandela yokwamukela ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa.
Isifundo sembonini yesikhombisa ukuthi ukuzethemba kwabahlinzeki akubona ubufakazi. Abahlinzeki abanamandla kufanele bakwazi ukuhlonza okucatshangwayo, bachaze imikhawulo, ukuchezuka kwemibhalo, futhi basho ukuthi yini esele iwumthwalo womthengi. Umkhawulo osobala uwusizo kakhulu kunesithembiso esingasekelwe.
Ibukeka kanjani i-Representative Export Fleet Audit?
Isimo: Ukufaneleka kwabahlinzeki bempahla yephrojekthi yokuthekelisa yamaloli yokulahla amayunithi amaningi. Lesi yisimo esimele ukuthengwa kwempahla esisekelwe ezimeni ezivamile zokuthenga izimoto zamazwe ngamazwe, hhayi icala lekhasimende le-Wentu elifunwayo.
Ingemuva lebhizinisi: Umsabalalisi wemishini yesifunda udinga inqwaba yamaloli okulahla ezokuthutha ngezinto zokwakha. Izimoto zizosebenza ngokwengxenye emigwaqweni yomphakathi futhi ingxenye yazo ingaphakathi kwezindawo zephrojekthi. Umsabalalisi ucela amakhotheshini kubaphakeli abaningana bamazwe ngamazwe.
Inkinga: Izingcaphuno zibonakala zichaza amaloli afanayo, kodwa amanani ahluka kakhulu. Umphakeli oyedwa ucaphuna indikimba enkulu, omunye uhlanganisa amathayi ahlukene, kanti owesithathu akafaki imibhalo eyisihluthulelo nezingxenye ezisele. Isibopho sewaranti asicaci kahle ngoba i-chassis nomzimba kuvela kumafekthri ahlukene.
Imbangela: I-RFQ ichaza kuphela ukucushwa kwe-ekseli, ukukhokhelwa, kanye nenani. Ayiqinisi i-chassis, umdwebo womzimba, isisindo somgwaqo, izimfuneko zendawo okuyiwa kuyo, indlela yokuhlola, iphakheji eyisipele, ububanzi bokuthumela, noma isibopho sewaranti.
Isixazululo: Umthengi ukhipha ishejuli eyodwa evamile yobuchwepheshe neyohwebo. Wonke umphakeli kufanele ahlonze indima yakhe, acaphune i-chassis efanayo kanye nobubanzi bomzimba, adalule okuqagelayo, ahlinzeke nge-matrix yesibopho, alethe izinhlelo zokuhlola kanye nemibhalo, futhi athengise iphakethe lokuqala eliyisipele ngokwehlukana. Umthengi ube esethola ukuthobelana ngaphambi kokuqhathanisa inani lokugcina.
Inani Lesinqumo Somthengi: Ikhotheshini yokuqala ephansi kakhulu ayisabekwa kuqala ngokuzenzakalelayo. Umthengi angakwazi ukuhlukanisa izinzuzo zangempela zentengo kusukela kububanzi obushiyiwe, ukulungiselelwa okuhlukile, ukuhlola okubuthakathaka, usekelo olungaphelele, kanye nengozi yedokhumenti yendawo. Lokhu kuvikela kokubili i-oda lokuqala nesithunzi sokusabalalisa ngabasebenzisi bokugcina.
Abathengi Bangabathola Kanjani Abakhiqizi Bamaloli Okulahlwa Ngesisekelo Esisodwa?
| Indawo yekhadi lamaphuzu | Isisindo Esiphakanyisiwe | Imfuneko ye-Full-Score |
| Ukuhambisana nokucushwa | 20% | I-chassis eqondile, umzimba, amathayi, ububanzi be-hydraulic, izinketho, nokuchezuka kubhaliwe. |
| Inkokhelo nesisekelo esisemthethweni | 15% | I-Curb mass, i-gross mass, isisekelo se-ekseli, incazelo yomthwalo wokukhokha, umthamo womzimba, nokuqagela kwendawo okuyiwa kuyo kuyahambisana. |
| Ukukhiqiza nokuhlola | 15% | Izindawo zokuhlola, amarekhodi, amasheke okusebenza, inqubo yokungaconformance, nokukhishwa kokuthunyelwa kuchaziwe. |
| Isibopho somphakeli | 15% | I-Chassis, umzimba, i-hydraulic, ukuhlanganiswa, ukuthekelisa, kanye nezibopho zewaranti zicacile. |
| Izingxenye ezisele kanye nesevisi | 15% | Izipele ezinenombolo eyingxenye, amamanyuwali, umzila wewaranti, nokusekelwa kobuchwepheshe kufakiwe. |
| Amadokhumenti athekelisa kanye nendawo oya kuyo | 10% | Uhlu lwamadokhumenti luqinisekiswa ngokumelene nendawo okuyiwa kuyo, ukuthunyelwa, nezimfuneko zomthengi. |
| Imigomo yezohwebo | 10% | Intengo, i-Incoterm, isikhathi sokuhola, inkokhelo, ukupakisha, ububanzi bokuthumela, okukhishiwe, nokuba semthethweni kucacile. |
Izisindo zingalungiselelwa iphrojekthi, kodwa abahlinzeki kufanele bathole amaphuzu ngaphambi kokuxoxisana ngamanani. Uma ububanzi bobuchwepheshe buhlala bungakaxazululiwe, intengo ephansi ingase imele iphakheji elincane noma eliyingozi.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Ingabe umkhiqizi ka-chassis ungumkhiqizi wamaloli wokulahla ngokuzenzakalela?
Cha. I-chassis, umzimba wokulahla, i-subframe, isistimu ye-hydraulic, ukuhlanganiswa kokugcina, ukuthekelisa, kanye newaranti kungase kubandakanye abantu abahlukene. Abathengi kufanele bahlonze uchungechunge lwezibopho eziphelele zemoto ecashuniwe.
Imuphi umbhalo obaluleke kakhulu ngaphambi kokuqhathanisa amanani?
I-matrix yokumisa nokuthobela iyindawo ewusizo kakhulu yokuqala. Kufanele iklelise ngokuqondile i-chassis, umzimba, isisekelo sokulayisha, amathayi, izinketho, ukuhlolwa, izipele, amadokhumenti, ububanzi bezohwebo, ukuqagela, kanye nokuchezuka.
Abathengi bangaqinisekisa kanjani ukuthi izicelo ezimbili zomthwalo okhokhelwayo ziyaqhathaniswa?
Idinga bobabili abahlinzeki ukuthi basho isisindo sokunciphisa, isisindo esiphelele, isisekelo somthwalo we-ekseli, ukukhokhelwa okulinganiselwe, umthamo womzimba, ukuqagela kwezinto ezibonakalayo, okokusebenza kokuzithandela, nemikhawulo yendawo kusetshenziswa izincazelo ezifanayo.
Ingabe abathengi kufanele bahlole iloli elilodwa lesampula ngaphambi kwe-oda lemikhumbi?
Ukuhlola umshayeli noma iyunithi yokuqala kunganciphisa ubungozi, kodwa kufanele kusebenzise ukucushwa kokugcina kokukhiqiza kanye nendlela yokwamukela okuvunyelwene ngayo. Abathengi kufanele futhi bachaze ukuthi iyunithi yokuqala egunyaziwe izokwenziwa kanjani kabusha kuzo zonke izimoto ezisele.
Yiziphi izingxenye ezisele okufanele zifakwe ku-oda lokuthekelisa?
Iphakheji kufanele ibonise usayizi wemikhumbi, umjikelezo wemisebenzi, ukutholakala kwendawo, isikhathi sokugcwalisa, kanye nokucushwa okucashuniwe. Yonke ingxenye kufanele ibe nencazelo ecacile, ingxenye yenombolo, inani, kanye nesicelo semoto.
Ingabe umphakeli angaqinisekisa ukuthobela indawo okuyiwa kuyo ngaphandle kolwazi lwasendaweni?
Akekho umphakeli onokwethenjelwa okufanele enze isiqinisekiso somhlaba wonke ngaphandle kwendawo okuyiwa kuyo, umzila wokubhalisa, ukusetshenziswa kokusebenza, namadokhumenti adingekayo. Umthengi nomphakeli kufanele bahlukanise izibopho zokuthobela ngokubhala.
Kungani umthengi kufanele abuyekeze okukhishiwe ngokucophelela njengamathuluzi afakiwe?
Okukhishiwe kuveza ukuthi yiziphi izindleko, amadokhumenti, ukuhlolwa, izinsiza, amasevisi, noma izibopho ezingafakiwe. Amakhotheshini amaningi aphansi abiza kakhulu ngemva kokuba lezi zinto ezingekho.
Cela Ukucushwa Nokuhlolwa Komhlinzeki
Nikeza ngezwe okuyiwa kuyo, uhlelo lokusebenza olusebenzayo, umthwalo oyimpokophelo, okuthandwayo kwe-ekseli, uhlobo lwempahla, izimo zomzila, inani lemikhumbi, i-chassis edingekayo noma okuthandwayo komkhiqizo, izidingo zomzimba, okulindelekile ukuhlola, uhlelo lwezingxenye eziyisipele, uhlu lwemibhalo, i-Incoterm, kanye nethagethi yokulethwa nge-Wentu's ikhasi lokuxhumana kanye nezicaphuni. I-Wentu ingabuyekeza ukucushwa kwamaloli okulahla atholakalayo, ihlonze okokufaka kwe-RFQ engekho, icacise indawo yefekthri nobubanzi bokuhlanganisa, iqhathanise izinketho zomkhiqizo ezifanele, futhi ilungiselele ikhotheshini ngokuqagela okubhaliwe, okungabaliwe, ububanzi bosekelo, nesisekelo sokulethwa.
