Impendulo ethe ngqo: Abathengi beenqwelo-mafutha kufuneka bathelekise abavelisi belori zokulahla ngeendawo ezisixhenxe ezinokuqinisekiswa: uxanduva lomthengisi, ukulungelelaniswa kwe-chassis, ukucaciswa komzimba, isiseko somthwalo, ubungqina bokuhlolwa, inkxaso yamacandelo, kunye namaxwebhu eendawo zokusingisa. Ikowuteshini ephantsi ayinakuthelekiseka ngaphandle kokuba umboneleli ngamnye uqinisekisa ubungakanani belori efanayo, ulungelelwaniso lomthetho, umjikelo womsebenzi, indlela yokwamkela, iphakheji yokuhanjiswa, kunye nenkxaso yasemva kokuthunyelwa.
Olu phicotho lujoliswe kubasebenzi bezithuthi, iikontraka zemigodi nezokwakha, abasasazi bezixhobo, iinkampani zolungiselelo, abathengi beeprojekthi zikarhulumente, kunye namaqela okuthenga athengisa iilori kumazwe ngamazwe. Phambi kokucela amaxabiso, abathengi kufuneka bachaze isicelo kwaye bajonge kwakhona udidi lwemveliso yelori yokulahla ukuchonga iintsapho zezithuthi ezifanelekileyo. Uluhlu olufutshane kufuneka ke ngoko lwakhiwe malunga nobungqina, kungekhona amabango ekhathalogu okanye umvuzo omnye wentloko.
Ngawaphi aMasango aSixhenxe oPhicotho-zincwadi aBavelisi beLori yokuLahlwa?
| Isango loPhicotho-zincwadi | Yintoni ekufuneka uMthengi ayiqinisekise | Ubungqina bokucela | Umngcipheko ukuba utsibe |
| 1. Uxanduva lomthengisi | Ngubani obonelela nge-chassis, owakha umzimba, odibanisa inkqubo yehydraulic, enze uhlolo, kwaye aphathe iwaranti? | Uxanduva olubhaliweyo lwematrix, indima yenkampani, umzi-mveliso okanye umda wokudibanisa, kunye newaranti yoqhagamshelwano. | I-Chassis, umzimba, kunye nemiba ye-hydraulic igqithiswa phakathi kwamaqela ahlukeneyo emva kokunikezelwa. |
| 2. Uqwalaselo lweChassis | Imodeli echanekileyo, ulungiselelo lokuqhuba, ulungelelwaniso lwe-asi, i-wheelbase, i-injini kunye nomda wothumelo, ukucaciswa kwetayara, kunye nolungiselelo lwendawo ekuyiwa kuyo. | Uqwalaselo-elithile iphepha lobugcisa kunye nesihlomelo socaphulo. | Iloli ehanjiswayo iyahluka kwimodeli esetyenziswe ngexesha lokuthelekisa urhwebo. |
| 3. Ukuchazwa komzimba | Imilinganiselo yangaphakathi, umthamo wegama, imathiriyeli, umgangatho kunye noyilo olusecaleni, ukomelezwa, i-tailgate, i-subframe, kunye nolungiselelo lwetiping. | Umzobo womzimba, imathiriyeli kunye neshedyuli yobuninzi apho ikhoyo, kunye nenkcazo-matheriya ekujoliswe kuyo. | Umthamo omkhulu ucatshulwa ngaphandle kobungqina bokufaneleka kwemathiriyeli erhuqiweyo okanye umjikelo womsebenzi. |
| 4. Isiseko somvuzo | Ubunzima bokunciphisa, ubunzima besithuthi, isiseko somthwalo we-asi, umthwalo olinganiselweyo, umthamo womzimba, kunye nemida yomthetho okanye yeprojekthi ekusingwa kuyo. | Ubunzima kunye nokuphazamiseka komthwalo usebenzisa inkcazo enye engaguqukiyo. | Ababoneleli abohlukeneyo basebenzisa iinkcazo ezahlukeneyo zomthwalo womvuzo, besenza amaxabiso abonakale ethelekiseka xa engenjalo. |
| 5. Ukwenziwa kunye nokuhlola | I-welding ebalulekileyo, ukulungelelaniswa komzimba, ukufakwa kwe-hydraulic, umsebenzi we-tipping, ukukhangela ukuvuza, iilebhile zokhuseleko, kunye nokuhlolwa kwemoto yokugqibela. | Isicwangciso sokuhlola, iirekhodi, iifoto, iziphumo zovavanyo, kunye namanqaku okuvuma ukuthunyelwa kwangaphambili. | Iziphene zifunyanwa kuphela emva kokufika, xa iindleko zokulungisa kunye nexesha lokuphumla liphezulu. |
| 6. Amalungu asetyenzisiweyo kunye nenkonzo | Ipakethe yokuqala esecaleni, ukuchongwa kwenxalenye, iincwadana, ukuxilongwa, inkqubo yewaranti, kunye nendlela yokuphendula yobugcisa. | Uluhlu oluyinxenye oluyinxenye, amanani acetyiswayo, abafowunelwa benkxaso, kunye nenkqubo yewaranti. | Izithuthi zifumana izinto ezityiwayo kodwa azikwazi ukuchonga okanye ukufumana iinxalenye ezibalulekileyo zokutshintsha. |
| 7. Amaxwebhu athumela ngaphandle kunye nendawo yokusingwa | Amaxwebhu orhwebo, amaxwebhu emvelaphi, umda wokuthumela, ulwamkelo lwendawo ekuyiwa kuyo, iimanyuwali, iilebhile, kunye nazo naziphi na iirekhodi zokuhlola ezikhankanyiweyo zomthengi. | Uluhlu lokutshekisha uxwebhu olubotshelelwe kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo kunye ne-Incoterm. | Izithuthi zifika namaxwebhu angaphelelanga, ulungelelwaniso olungachanekanga, okanye umsebenzi ongalindelekanga ovunyiweyo wendawo. |
Isifundo sokuqala soshishino kukuba "umenzi" unokuchaza iindima ezahlukeneyo zorhwebo. Omnye umthengisi unokuvelisa i-chassis, omnye angenza umzimba wokulahla, kwaye omnye unokudibanisa, ahlole, athumele ngaphandle, kwaye axhase isithuthi esipheleleyo. Abathengi akufanele bagatye imodeli yomthengisi odibeneyo, kodwa kufuneka bazi kakuhle ukuba ngubani ojongene nenkqubo nganye kwaye ngubani oya kusombulula ukungaphumeleli.
Ngubani Ngokwenene Onoxanduva Lwelori Epheleleyo?
Iprojekthi yokuthumela ngaphandle ilori yokulahla inkunkuma inokubandakanya umenzi we-chassis, umakhi womzimba, umboneleli wenkqubo yehydraulic, isihlanganisi semoto, umthengisi ngaphandle, umthengisi wasekhaya, kunye neqabane lenkonzo. Umthengi ufuna umda omnye obhaliweyo obonisa apho uxanduva ngalunye luqala kwaye luphela khona.
Buza umthengisi ngamnye odweliswe kuluhlu olufutshane ukuba achonge:
- Uhlobo lwe-chassis kunye nemodeli echanekileyo ecetywayo
- Ngubani okhetha kwaye aqinisekise uqwalaselo lwe-chassis
- Ngubani owenza okanye obonelela ngomzimba wokulahla
- Ngubani oyila okanye ofakela i-subframe kunye ne-tipping system
- Ngubani owenza ukuhlanganiswa kokugqibela kunye nokuhlolwa kwangaphambili kokunikezelwa
- Ngubani obonelela ngomzimba, ihydraulic, chassis, kunye nenkxaso yewaranti yombane
- Ngubani onikezela ngamaxwebhu okuthunyelwa ngaphandle kunye nolwazi lokuthumela
- Ngubani ohlala unxibelelwano lobugcisa bomthengi emva kokunikezelwa
Impazamo yomthengi eqhelekileyo kukwamkela ikowuti phantsi kwegama lenkampani enye ngelixa uxanduva lwewaranti lwahlulwe phakathi kwamaqela amaninzi. Ikhontrakthi yokuthenga akufuneki ixhomekeke kwiingxelo ezingekho sikweni ezifana “nomzi-mveliso we-chassis uya kuyiphatha.” Ifuna i-matrix yoxanduva kunye nendlela enye yokunyuka yonikezelo olupheleleyo.
I-Wentu izimisa njengomsebenzi wokwenza kunye nokubonelela ngentsebenziswano edibeneyo isebenzisa izixhobo ezininzi zefektri yokulahla iilori, iitreyila, iilori zetrektara, iilori ezikhethekileyo, kunye noomatshini bokwakha. Abathengi abaphonononga le modeli banokusebenzisa i Imoto yorhwebo ye-Wentu kunye nezixhobo zobonelelo jikelele ukuqonda ububanzi bemveliso ebanzi, ngelixa ifuna ukuqinisekiswa kweprojekthi ethile yowona mveliso, uqwalaselo, ukuhlolwa, kunye noxanduva lwewaranti kwi-odolo nganye.
Ngaba abathengi kufuneka baQinisekise njani iChassis kunye neNgcaciso yoMzimba?
Iilori ezimbini zokulahla ezinenkcazo efanayo ye-axle zisenokwahluka kwi-wheelbase, i-drivetrain, i-injini kunye nomda wokuhambisa, ukulinganiswa kwe-axle, amatayara, i-cab, ukucwangciswa kwe-emissions, ubungakanani bomzimba, inkqubo ye-hydraulic, kunye nokufaneleka ngokusemthethweni. Uthelekiso lomthengisi lusebenza kuphela xa ezi zinto ziqhelekile.
| Into yokuthelekisa | Ubuncinci beMfuneko yeRFQ | Kutheni Itshintsha iSigqibo sokuThenga |
| Isazisi seChassis | Uphawu, imodeli, uqwalaselo lwemveliso, uhlobo lokuqhuba, ulungiselelo lwe-axle, kunye newheelbase. | Ithintela ababoneleli ekucaphuleni izithuthi ezisisiseko ezahlukeneyo phantsi kwegama elifanayo lemveliso jikelele. |
| Powertrain ububanzi | Injini, uthumelo, i-axle yokuqhuba, uhlobo lwesibaso, ubumbeko lokukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo, kunye neengqikelelo zokupholisa. | Ukutshintsha ukufaneleka komsebenzi, ukugcinwa, ukuhambelana kwamafutha engingqi, kunye nenkxaso yeendawo. |
| ITire kunye nomda wevili | Ubungakanani beTire, ipateni, usetyenziso, ubungakanani, umda wevili elisecaleni, kunye nohlobo lonikezelo ukuba kuyafuneka. | Ukutshintsha ukusebenza komhlaba, ukufumaneka endaweni, iindleko zokusebenza, kunye nexabiso lokuhanjiswa. |
| Ijiyometri yomzimba | Ubude bangaphakathi, ububanzi, ukuphakama, umthamo wegama, uhlobo lwe-tailgate, kunye nojongano lokulayisha. | Imisela ukuba ngaba umzimba uyahambelana nezinto, umatshini wokulayisha, kunye nezithintelo zendlela. |
| Ukwakhiwa komzimba | Inkcazo yezinto eziphathekayo, umgangatho kunye noyilo lwecala, ukuqinisa, i-subframe, kunye nesicelo esijoliswe kuyo. | Ukutshintsha ubunzima be-tare, ubomi obunxibileyo, ukulungiswa, ukuhlawulwa, kunye neendleko ezifakiweyo zizonke. |
| Inkqubo yokunika iingcebiso | Ukucwangciswa kwe-hydraulic, ukunyuswa kokuphakanyiswa, ulawulo lokusebenza, kunye neemfuno zokuhlola. | Ukutshintsha ingcebiso yokusebenza, ukusebenza kakuhle, ukhuseleko, kunye nocwangciso lweendawo ezisecaleni. |
Isifundo sesibini soshishino kukuba amagama emodeli yodwa ayilolungiselelo. Iikowuteshini zokuthumela ngaphandle kufuneka zibandakanye isihlomelo sobugcisa esilawulwa ngokutsha. Xa umthengi etshintsha indawo ekuyiwa kuyo, iimfuno zokukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo, itayara, umzimba, okanye ilungiselelo le-asi, umthengisi kufuneka akhuphe ubumbeko obuhlaziyiweyo endaweni yokuhlela kuphela iphepha lexabiso.
Ukuthelekisa iprojekthi, abathengi banokuphonononga imveliso ejolise kwimigodi efana ne Ilori yokulahla imigodi yeHanwo ebanzi kunye nendlela yokuhamba-i-axle emininzi efana ne FAW Jiefang 8×4 ilori yokulahla. La makhonkco aqinisekisa ukuba iintsapho zezithuthi ezahlukeneyo zikhona ngaphakathi koluhlu lokubonelela; aziyithathi indawo yesidingo semizobo yoqwalaselo oluthile, iintsimbi, ukuqinisekiswa komjikelo womsebenzi, kunye nophononongo lokusingwa.
Kutheni kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ubungqina bokuhlawula phambi kwexabiso leYunithi?
Amabango omthwalo ohlawulwayo asenokusekelwe kumvuzo oreyithiweyo, umthamo womzimba, ubunzima besithuthi bubonke, ixabiso lendawo yokusebenza ethile, okanye inkcazo yentengiso. Abathengi akufuneki bathelekise amanani omthwalo de wonke umniki-nkonzo asebenzise iinkcazo ezifanayo.
I-RFQ kufuneka icele:
- Ubunzima bokunciphisa isithuthi esipheleleyo esicatshulweyo
- Ubunzima besithuthi bubonke okanye ubunzima obusebenzayo
- Iingqikelelo zomthwalo we-asi ngaphambili nangasemva
- Umvuzo okalwe kunye nomthombo wolo mlinganiselo
- Umthamo womzimba oqhelekileyo kunye nobukhulu bomzimba wangaphakathi
- Imathiriyeli ekujoliswe kuyo kunye noxinano olukhulu olulindelekileyo
- Nayiphi na indawo esemthethweni, indlela, ibhulorho, okanye umda womthwalo weprojekthi
- Zonke izixhobo ozikhethelayo zibandakanyiwe kubunzima obucatshulweyo bongqameko
Isifundo sesithathu seshishini sesokuba ukongeza umzimba omkhulu kunokunciphisa umthwalo osetyenziswayo xa umzimba ngokwawo usonyusa ubunzima betare okanye ukhuthaza ukugcwala kakhulu ngezinto ezixineneyo. Ixabiso kufuneka lithelekiswe ngokuchasene noqwalaselo oluqinisekisiweyo kunye nomsebenzi, hayi ngokuchasene nomthamo omkhulu womzimba oshicilelweyo kwikhathalogu.
Abathengi kufuneka kwakhona bahlule amandla omzi-mveliso kusemthethweni wendawo. Ilori inokuthi ngoomatshini ikwazi ukuthwala umthwalo ongavumelekanga kwiindlela zikawonke-wonke okanye iziseko zeprojekthi yendawo ekuyiwa kuyo. Umthengisi kufuneka achonge umlinganiselo wefektri, ngelixa umthengi okanye iqabane lakhe lendawo lokuthobela liqinisekisa umda wendawo.
Bobuphi ubungqina bokuVelisa kunye nokuHlola eMabuvunywe?
Ifoto yefektri okanye isitatimenti somgangatho jikelele asibonisi ukuba isithuthi esithe ngqo somthengi sakhiwe kwaye sahlolwa ngokwemida ekuvunyelwene ngayo. Umyalelo kufuneka uqulathe isicwangciso sokuhlola esisebenzayo esibandakanya isazisi se-chassis, ukwenziwa komzimba, ufakelo lwehydraulic, umsebenzi wetiping, iilebhile, izincedisi, amaxwebhu, kunye nemeko yokugqibela yesithuthi.
Phambi kweMveliso
- Vumela uqwalaselo lokugqibela kunye nomzobo womzimba.
- Friza imodeli ye-chassis, imilinganiselo yomzimba, umda wehydraulic, amatayara, umbala, iilebhile, izincedisi, kunye noluhlu lwamaxwebhu.
- Rekhoda zonke izinto ezitenxileyo kwi-RFQ yokuqala.
- Qinisekisa ukuba loluphi uhlolo oluya kubhalwa kwaye lufuna ukuba umthengi okanye umntu wesithathu abekho.
Ngexesha lokudityaniswa koMzimba kunye neMoto
- Qinisekisa isazisi se-chassis ngokuchasene nomyalelo ovunyiweyo.
- Jonga imilinganiselo yomzimba, ulungelelwaniso, ukomelezwa, isakhelo esisezantsi, ukunyuswa, kunye nemeko yolwakhiwo olubonakalayo.
- Hlola umzila we-hydraulic, ukhuseleko lombhobho, ukuvuza, ukulawula, kunye nokusebenza kokuphakamisa.
- Qinisekisa ukuba izixhobo ezongeziweyo aziphazamisi amatayara, ukumiswa, i-drivetrain, i-cab movement, okanye ukufikelela kwinkonzo.
Ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa
- Yenza uhlolo olubonakalayo lwesithuthi esipheleleyo kunye nokusebenza.
- Rekhoda ukuphakamisa umzimba kunye nokuthoba ukusebenza phantsi kwemeko yovavanyo ekhuselekileyo ekuvunyelwene ngayo.
- Jonga izibane, izixhobo zokulumkisa, iilebhile, izixhobo ezibonelelweyo, iimanuwali, iindawo ezisecaleni, kunye nezixhobo.
- Qinisekisa ulwazi lwe-serial, ukupakisha okanye ukulungiselela ukuthunyelwa, imilinganiselo yokuthumela, kunye nokuhambelana kwamaxwebhu.
- Khupha uluhlu lokugqibela olukhethekileyo kwaye uvale yonke into evuliweyo ngaphambi kokuba kukhululwe ukuthunyelwa.
Isifundo sesine soshishino kukuba iseti yefoto enye yangaphambili ayisosicwangciso sokuhlola. Abathengi kufuneka bachaze iimbono ezifunekayo, iirekhodi zovavanyo, iindawo zokuchongwa, imida yokwamkelwa, kunye nenkqubo yokungahambelani phambi kokuba imveliso iqale. Ngaphandle koko, ababoneleli kunye nabathengi banokungavumelani malunga nokuba kuthetha ukuthini "ukuhlolwa okugqithisiweyo".
Kufuneka ziphicothwe njani iiNdawo eziziSpare kunye neWaranti?
Kwizithuthi ezithumela ngaphandle, ukusebenza kwenkonzo kunokubaluleka kunomahluko omncinci kwixabiso lokuqala. Isithuthi esingenakulungiswa ngokukhawuleza singenza ilahleko ephezulu ngexesha lokuphumla, imithwalo engxamisekileyo, iilori ezidliwayo, kunye nenkxaso engaphelelanga yendawo.
Iphakheji yenkxaso esebenzayo kufuneka ibandakanye:
| Into yenkxaso | Impendulo yoMboneleli ebuthathaka | Umthengi-uLungele impendulo |
| Ipakethe yokuqala esecaleni | "Iindawo ezisecaleni zasimahla zibandakanyiwe." | Uluhlu olunamanani ayinxalenye kunye nobuninzi, inkcazo, isicelo sesithuthi, kunye nexabiso lephakheji. |
| Isitokhwe esicetyiswayo | Uluhlu olunye lwegeneric kwiprojekthi nganye. | Uluhlu olulungelelaniselwe ubungakanani bezithuthi, umjikelo womsebenzi, iiyure zokusebenza, indawo, kunye nexesha elilindelekileyo lokuzalisa kwakhona. |
| Ukuchongwa kweencwadana kunye neenxalenye | Incwadana ngokubanzi okanye incwadi engaphelelanga yomsebenzisi. | Umsebenzisi, ugcino, iinxalenye, kunye nolwazi lokusombulula ingxaki kuqwalaselo olucatshulweyo. |
| Inkqubo yewaranti | "Iwaranti ngokomgaqo-nkqubo wefektri." | Ingxelo ebhaliweyo, okungabandakanywayo, ubungqina bebango, indlela yokuphendula, uxanduva lwamacandelo, kunye nentelekelelo yabasebenzi okanye yenkonzo yendawo. |
| Impendulo yobugcisa | Uqhagamshelwano lomthengisi kuphela. | Amajelo okunyuka kwezorhwebo kunye nezobugcisa anamanyathelo okuphendula alindelekileyo. |
Isifundo soshishino lwesihlanu kukuba uluhlu lwamacandelo angaphandle ngaphandle kwamanani ayinxalenye kunye neembekiselo zoqwalaselo kunzima ukuzisebenzisa. Umthengi kufuneka akwazi ukudibanisa zonke izinto eziyimfuneko kwilori ezisiweyo kwaye ayihlele ngokutsha ngaphandle kokuphinda akhe ingcaciso esuka kwiifoto.
Iwaranti kufuneka yahlulwe ngenkqubo. Cacisa indlela amabango abandakanya i-chassis, umzimba wokulahla, inkqubo ye-hydraulic, izincedisi zombane, kunye nezixhobo ezongezelelweyo zomboneleli ziyakuchongwa kwaye zisonjululwe. Ixesha lewaranti enye ayiphenduli ukuba ngubani ohlawulela iinxalenye, imithwalo, abasebenzi, okanye ukuxilongwa komntu wesithathu.
Ngawaphi amaxwebhu oThunyelo lwangaphandle ekufuneka aqinisekiswe phambi kokukhutshwa koMyalelo?
Iimfuno zoxwebhu ziyahluka ngendawo ekuyiwa kuyo, ukucwangciswa kwesithuthi, indlela yokubhalisa, umnini weprojekthi, indlela yokuthumela, kunye ne-Incoterm. Umniki-nkonzo akufuneki athembise ukuthotyelwa jikelele ngaphandle kokuba umthengi achonge ilizwe ekujoliswe kulo kunye nendlela yokuvunywa.
Umthengi kufuneka alungiselele uxwebhu lwematrix olugqumayo, njengoko lukhona:
- I-invoyisi yorhwebo kunye nolwazi lokupakisha
- Isihlomelo sekhontrakthi kunye noqwalaselo
- Isiqinisekiso semvelaphi okanye amaxwebhu emvelaphi afunwa ngumthengi
- Ukuchongwa kwesithuthi kunye neenkcukacha zobugcisa
- Iimanyuwali, iilebhile, kunye neemfuno zolwimi
- Uhlolo okanye iirekhodi zovavanyo ezifunwa ngumthengi
- Imilinganiselo yokuthumela, ubunzima, ukunyuswa, ukukhusela, okanye ukusabalalisa ulwazi
- Amaxwebhu afunwa lubhaliso lwendawo okanye indlela yolwamkelo lweprojekthi
Isifundo sesithandathu soshishino kukuba amaxwebhu athumela ngaphandle kufuneka aqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokuveliswa, angaqokelelwa emva kokuba iilori zilungile. Ezinye iimfuno zoxwebhu zinokuchaphazela i-chassis ekhethiweyo, iilebhile, ukuchongwa, ukwakheka komzimba, okanye inkqubo yokuhlola. Ukufunyanwa kade kunokubangela ukuphinda kusebenze okanye kulibaziseke ukuthunyelwa.
Ngawaphi amaBango oMboneleli ekufuneka evuse uPhicotho-zincwadi olunzulu?
Abathengi beFleet kufuneka baphathe ezi mpendulo zilandelayo njengemiqondiso yoqinisekiso olongezelelweyo:
- Iphepha elinye leenkcukacha linikezelwa kwii-chassis ezahlukeneyo okanye ulungelelwaniso lomzimba.
- Umthengisi ucaphula umvuzo kodwa akazukubonelela ngobunzima bokuthintela, imilinganiselo yomzimba, okanye isiseko somthwalo we-asi.
- Umthengisi akanakuchaza ukuba ngaba ngumenzi we-chassis, umakhi womzimba, umhlanganisi, okanye umthumeli ngaphandle.
- Umzimba uchazwa kuphela nge-cubic volume, ngaphandle kwezinto eziphathekayo, ijometri, imithwalo ejoliswe kuyo, okanye umzobo.
- Ucaphulo lusebenzisa “ubumbeko olusemgangathweni” kodwa aluchazi umgangatho.
- Ulwimi lwewaranti aluchongi uxanduva lwe-chassis, umzimba, ihydraulic, kunye neenkqubo ezongezelelweyo.
- Iphakheji esecaleni ayinamanani ayinxalenye okanye ubudlelwane kwisithuthi esicatshulweyo.
- Ukuthotyelwa kwendawo yokufikela kuthenjiswa ngaphandle kokucela ilizwe, indlela yokubhalisa, okanye amaxwebhu afunekayo.
- Umyalelo wezithuthi ezinkulu uceliwe phambi kokuba kuvunywe ulungelelwaniso okanye iindlela zokwamkelwa kokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwangaphambili kuvunyelwene.
Isifundo sesixhenxe soshishino kukuba ukuzithemba komthengisi akubobungqina. Ababoneleli abanamandla kufuneka bakwazi ukuchonga izinto eziqikelelwayo, bachaze imida, ukutenxa kumaxwebhu, kwaye bachaze ukuba yintoni esele iluxanduva lomthengi. Umda ocacileyo uluncedo ngakumbi kunesithembiso esingaxhaswanga.
Ingaba uPhicotho lweFleet oluMeleyo lujongeka njani?
Imeko: Isiqinisekiso somthengisi seprojekthi yokuthumela ngaphandle iilori zokulahla iiyunithi ezininzi. Lo ngummeli wemeko yokuthengwa kwempahla esekelwe kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo zokuthenga iinqwelo-moya zamazwe ngamazwe, hayi ityala lomthengi we-Wentu.
Imvelaphi yeShishini: Umsasazi wezixhobo zengingqi ufuna iqela leelori zokulahla ukuthutha izinto zokwakha. Izithuthi ziya kusebenza ngokuyinxenye kwiindlela zikawonke-wonke kwaye ngokuyinxenye zingaphakathi kwiziza zeprojekthi. Umthengisi ucela iikowuteshini kubaboneleli abaninzi bamazwe ngamazwe.
Ingxaki: Iingcaphuno zibonakala zichaza iilori ezifanayo, kodwa amaxabiso ahluka kakhulu. Omnye umthengisi ucaphula iqumrhu elikhulu, elinye liquka amatayara ahlukeneyo, yaye owesithathu akabandakanyi amaxwebhu abalulekileyo kunye neenxalenye ezisecaleni. Uxanduva lwewaranti alucacanga kuba i-chassis kunye nomzimba uvela kwiifektri ezahlukeneyo.
Unobangela: I-RFQ ichaza kuphela ulungelelwaniso lwe-asi, umthwalo, kunye nobungakanani. Ayikhexisi i-chassis, umzobo womzimba, ubunzima bokukhawulela, iimfuno zendawo ekuyiwa kuyo, indlela yokuhlola, iphakheji esecaleni, umda wokuhambisa, okanye uxanduva lwewaranti.
Isisombululo: Umthengi ukhupha ishedyuli enye yesiqhelo yobugcisa neyorhwebo. Umniki-nkonzo ngamnye kufuneka achonge indima yakhe, acaphule i-chassis efanayo kunye nomthamo womzimba, achaze izinto ezicingelwayo, abonelele ngematriki enoxanduva, angenise uhlolo kunye nezicwangciso zamaxwebhu, kwaye anike ixabiso lepakethe yokuqala esecaleni ngokwahlukeneyo. Umthengi ke ngoko amanqaku okuthobela phambi kokuthelekisa ixabiso lokugqibela.
Ixabiso leSigqibo soMthengi: Eyona kowuti yokuqala isezantsi ayisabekwa kwindawo yokuqala ngokuzenzekelayo. Umthengi unokwahlula inzuzo yexabiso lokwenyani kumda oshiyiweyo, ulungelelwaniso olwahlukileyo, uhlolo olubuthathaka, inkxaso engaphelelanga, kunye nomngcipheko woxwebhu lokusingwa. Oku kukhusela zombini umyalelo wokuqala kunye nodumo lomthengisi kunye nabasebenzisi bokugqibela.
AbaThengi bangenza njani ukuba bafumane amanqaku abavelisi beLori yokulahla kwiSisekelo esinye?
| Indawo yekhadi lamanqaku | Ubunzima obucetywayo | Imfuneko yamanqaku apheleleyo |
| Ukuthotyelwa koqwalaselo | 20% | Eyona chassis, umzimba, amatayara, umda wehydraulic, ukhetho, kunye nokutenxa kubhaliwe. |
| Umvuzo kunye nesiseko esisemthethweni | 15% | Ubunzima bokunqanda, ubunzima obunzima, isiseko se-asi, inkcazo yomthwalo womvuzo, umthamo womzimba, kunye neengqikelelo zendawo ekuyiwa kuyo ziyahambelana. |
| Imveliso kunye nokuhlola | 15% | Amanqaku okuhlola, iirekhodi, iitshekhi zokusebenza, inkqubo yokungahambelani, kunye nokukhutshwa kokuthunyelwa kuchaziwe. |
| Uxanduva lomthengisi | 15% | I-Chassis, umzimba, i-hydraulic, ukudibanisa, ukuthumela ngaphandle, kunye noxanduva lwewaranti lucacile. |
| Amacandelo kunye nenkonzo | 15% | Inxalenye enamanani asetyenzisiweyo, iimanyuwali, indlela yewaranti, kunye nenkxaso yobugcisa ibandakanyiwe. |
| Amaxwebhu athumela ngaphandle kunye nendawo yokusingwa | 10% | Uluhlu lwamaxwebhu luqinisekiswa ngokuchasene nendawo ekuyiwa kuyo, ukuthunyelwa, kunye neemfuno zomthengi. |
| Imigaqo yorhwebo | 10% | Ixabiso, i-Incoterm, ixesha lokukhokela, intlawulo, ukupakishwa, umda wokuthumela, ukukhutshwa, kunye nokuqinisekiswa kucacile. |
Ubunzima bunokulungelelaniswa kwiprojekthi, kodwa ababoneleli kufuneka bafakwe amanqaku phambi kothethathethwano lwexabiso. Xa umda wobugcisa uhleli ungasonjululwanga, ixabiso eliphantsi lingamela nje iphakheji encinci okanye i-risk.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo
Ngaba umenzi we-chassis ngokuzenzekelayo ungumenzi welori yokulahla epheleleyo?
Hayi. I-chassis, umzimba wokulahla, i-subframe, inkqubo ye-hydraulic, ukuhlanganiswa kokugqibela, ukuthumela ngaphandle, kunye newaranti inokubandakanya amaqela ahlukeneyo. Abathengi kufuneka bachonge ikhonkco elipheleleyo loxanduva lwesithuthi esicatshulweyo.
Loluphi olona xwebhu lubalulekileyo phambi kokuthelekisa amaxabiso?
Uqwalaselo kunye nothotyelo lwematriksi yeyona ndawo iluncedo yokuqala. Kufuneka idwelise eyona chassis, umzimba, isiseko somthwalo, amatayara, ukhetho, ukuhlolwa, ii-spares, amaxwebhu, umda worhwebo, uqikelelo, kunye nokutenxa.
Abathengi banokuqinisekisa njani ukuba amabango amabini omthwalo wemivuzo ayathelekiseka?
Funa bobabini ababoneleli ukuba bachaze ubunzima bokunqanda, ubunzima obunzima, isiseko somthwalo we-asi, umthwalo olinganisiweyo, umthamo womzimba, uqikelelo lwemathiriyeli, izixhobo ozikhethelayo, kunye nezithintelo zendawo ekuyiwa kuyo usebenzisa iinkcazelo ezifanayo.
Ngaba abathengi kufuneka bahlole ilori enye yesampulu phambi kweodolo yezithuthi?
Ukuhlolwa kwepilot okanye iyunithi yokuqala kunokunciphisa umngcipheko, kodwa kufuneka isebenzise ukucwangciswa kokugqibela kwemveliso kunye neendlela zokwamkelwa ezivunyelweneyo. Abathengi kufuneka kwakhona bachaze ukuba iyunithi yokuqala evunyiweyo iya kuphinda iphindwe njani kuzo zonke izithuthi eziseleyo.
Zeziphi iindawo ezisecaleni ekufuneka zibandakanywe kwi-odolo yokuthumela ngaphandle?
Iphakheji kufuneka ibonise ubungakanani bezithuthi, umjikelo womsebenzi, ukufumaneka kwendawo, ixesha lokuzalisa, kunye noqwalaselo olucatshulweyo. Inxalenye nganye kufuneka ibe nenkcazo ecacileyo, inxalenye yenombolo, ubungakanani, kunye nesicelo sesithuthi.
Ngaba umthengisi angaqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwendawo ngaphandle kolwazi lwasekuhlaleni?
Akukho mboneleli uthembekileyo kufuneka enze isiqinisekiso selizwe lonke ngaphandle kwendawo ekuyiwa kuyo, indlela yokubhalisa, ukusetyenziswa komsebenzi, kunye namaxwebhu afunekayo. Umthengi kunye nomthengisi kufuneka bahlule uxanduva lokuthobela ngokubhaliweyo.
Kutheni le nto umthengi kufuneka ahlole okukhutshiweyo ngononophelo njengezixhobo ezibandakanyiweyo?
Okushiyiweyo kubonisa ukuba zeziphi iindleko, amaxwebhu, uhlolo, izincedisi, iinkonzo, okanye uxanduva olungaqukwanga. Iikowuteshini ezininzi ezibonakala ziphantsi zibiza kakhulu emva kokuba ezi zinto zingekhoyo zongeziwe.
Cela uLungiselelo kunye noPhicotho loMboneleli
Nikeza ilizwe ekusingwa kulo, usetyenziso olusebenzayo, umthwalo ekujoliswe kuwo, ukhetho lwe-asi, uhlobo lwemathiriyeli, iimeko zendlela, ubuninzi bezithuthi, i-chassis efunekayo okanye ukhetho lwebrand, iimfuno zomzimba, ukuhlolwa okulindelweyo, isicwangciso samacandelo, uluhlu lwamaxwebhu, i-Incoterm, kunye nethagethi yokuhanjiswa nge-Wentu's uqhagamshelwano kunye nephepha locaphulo. I-Wentu inokuphonononga ulungelelwaniso lwelori yokulahla inkunkuma ekhoyo, ichonge amagalelo e-RFQ angekhoyo, icacise umzi-mveliso kunye nomda wokudibanisa, thelekisa iinketho ezifanelekileyo zemveliso, kwaye ilungiselele ikowuteshini kunye neengqikelelo ezibhaliweyo, ukukhutshwa, ubungakanani benkxaso, kunye nesiseko sokuhanjiswa.
