Igisubizo kiziguye: Abaguzi b'amato bagomba kugereranya abakora amakamyo yataye ahantu harindwi hasuzumwa: inshingano zabatanga, iboneza rya chassis, ibisobanuro byumubiri, ishingiro ryimishahara, ibimenyetso byubugenzuzi, inkunga yibikoresho, hamwe ninyandiko zerekeza. Amagambo make ntagereranywa keretse niba uwatanze isoko yemeje ikamyo imwe, iboneza ryemewe n'amategeko, ukwezi kwishyurwa, uburyo bwo kwemererwa, ipaki yatanzwe, hamwe ninkunga yoherejwe.
Iri genzura rigenewe abakora amato, abacukuzi b'amabuye y'agaciro n'ubwubatsi, abakwirakwiza ibikoresho, amasosiyete y'ibikoresho, abaguzi b'imishinga ya leta, hamwe n'itsinda rishinzwe gutanga amasoko ku makamyo ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Mbere yo gusaba ibiciro, abaguzi bagomba gusobanura ibyasabwe no gusuzuma guta ibicuruzwa byamakamyo kumenya imiryango yimodoka ibishinzwe. Urutonde rugufi rugomba kuba rwubatswe kubimenyetso, ntabwo ari urutonde rwibisabwa cyangwa umutwe umwe wishyurwa.
Ni ayahe marembo arindwi y'ubugenzuzi ku bakora amakamyo?
| Irembo ry'Ubugenzuzi | Ibyo Umuguzi agomba kugenzura | Ibimenyetso byo gusaba | Ingaruka niba wasimbutse |
| 1. Inshingano z'abatanga isoko | Ninde utanga chassis, yubaka umubiri, ahuza sisitemu ya hydraulic, akora ubugenzuzi, kandi akora garanti? | Inshingano zanditse matrix, uruhare rwisosiyete, uruganda cyangwa urwego rwo kwishyira hamwe, hamwe na garanti yinzira. | Ibibazo bya Chassis, umubiri, na hydraulic bitambuka hagati yamashyaka atandukanye nyuma yo kubyara. |
| 2. Ibikoresho bya Chassis | Icyitegererezo nyacyo, gahunda yo gutwara, iboneza rya axe, ibiziga, moteri hamwe nogukwirakwiza, ibisobanuro byerekana amapine, hamwe nibyerekezo. | Urupapuro rwihariye rwa tekiniki na tekinike yumugereka. | Ikamyo yatanzwe itandukanye nicyitegererezo cyakoreshejwe mugihe cyo kugereranya ubucuruzi. |
| 3. Ibisobanuro byumubiri | Ibipimo by'imbere, ingano yizina, ibikoresho, hasi no gushushanya, gushimangira, tailgate, subframe, hamwe no gutanga inama. | Igishushanyo cyumubiri, ibintu nubunini byateganijwe aho bihari, hamwe nibigenewe-ibintu. | Umubare munini wavuzwe utagaragaje ko ukwiranye n'ibikoresho bikururwa cyangwa inshingano. |
| 4. Urufatiro rwo kwishura | Gabanya imbaga, ubwinshi bwimodoka, ishingiro ryumutwaro, ibipimo byishyurwa, ingano yumubiri, hamwe nu mipaka yemewe cyangwa umushinga. | Ibiro hamwe no kugabanya imitwaro ukoresheje igisobanuro kimwe gihamye. | Abatanga ibintu bitandukanye bakoresha ibisobanuro bitandukanye byo kwishura, bigatuma ibiciro bigaragara ko bigereranywa mugihe atari. |
| 5. Gukora no kugenzura | Gusudira cyane, guhuza umubiri, gushyiramo hydraulic, imikorere yo kugabura, kugenzura ibimeneka, ibirango byumutekano, no kugenzura ibinyabiziga bya nyuma. | Gahunda yo kugenzura, inyandiko, amafoto, ibisubizo byikizamini, hamwe nokwemeranya mbere yo koherezwa. | Inenge zavumbuwe nyuma yo kuhagera, mugihe igiciro cyo gusana nigihe cyo hejuru ari kinini. |
| 6. Ibice bya serivisi | Igice cyambere cyibikoresho, kumenyekanisha igice, imfashanyigisho, gusuzuma, inzira ya garanti, n'inzira yo gusubiza tekinike. | Igice-cyumubare wibicuruzwa, urutonde rusabwa, gushyigikira imikoranire, hamwe na garanti. | Amato yakira ibiribwa ariko ntashobora kumenya cyangwa kubona ibice bikomeye byo gusimbuza. |
| 7. Kohereza no kohereza inyandiko | Inyandiko z'ubucuruzi, inyandiko z'inkomoko, urugero rwo kohereza, kwemeza aho ujya, imfashanyigisho, ibirango, hamwe n'abaguzi banditse neza. | Urutonde rwinyandiko ruhujwe nu rugendo na Incoterm. | Ibinyabiziga bigera hamwe ninyandiko zuzuye, iboneza ritari ryo, cyangwa akazi kemewe kateganijwe. |
Isomo rya mbere ryinganda nuko "uwakoze" ashobora gusobanura inshingano zitandukanye zubucuruzi. Umuntu utanga isoko ashobora kubyara chassis, undi ashobora guhimba umubiri wajugunywe, undi ashobora guhuza, kugenzura, kohereza hanze, no gushyigikira imodoka yuzuye. Abaguzi ntibagomba kwanga icyitegererezo cyabatanga isoko, ariko bagomba kumenya neza uwashinzwe buri sisitemu ninde uzakemura ikibazo.
Ninde Mubyukuri Ushinzwe Ikamyo Yuzuye?
Umushinga wo kohereza amakamyo woherezwa mu mahanga urashobora kuba urimo uruganda rukora chassis, uwubaka umubiri, utanga hydraulic-sisitemu, uhuza ibinyabiziga, ibyohereza ibicuruzwa hanze, umucuruzi waho, n’umufatanyabikorwa wa serivisi. Umuguzi akeneye urwego rumwe rwanditse rwerekana aho buri nshingano itangirira kandi ikarangirira.
Baza buriwese utanga urutonde kugirango amenye:
- Ikirangantego cya chassis nicyitegererezo nyacyo cyatanzwe
- Ninde uhitamo kandi akemeza iboneza rya chassis
- Ninde ukora cyangwa utanga umubiri wajugunywe
- Ninde ushushanya cyangwa ushyiraho sisitemu yo gukuramo no gutanga inama
- Ninde ukora integuza yanyuma no kugenzura mbere yo gutanga
- Ninde utanga umubiri, hydraulic, chassis, hamwe na garanti yamashanyarazi
- Ninde utanga inyandiko zohereza hanze namakuru yo kohereza
- Ninde ukomeza kuba tekinike yumuguzi nyuma yo gutanga
Ikosa rusange ryabaguzi ni ukwemera amagambo yatanzwe mwizina ryisosiyete mugihe inshingano za garanti zigabanijwe mumashyaka menshi. Amasezerano yo kugura ntagomba gushingira kumvugo idasanzwe nka "uruganda rwa chassis ruzabikora." Saba matrix yinshingano n'inzira imwe yo kuzamura ibintu byuzuye.
Wentu yihagararaho nkumufatanyabikorwa wogukora no guhuriza hamwe ibikoresho ukoresheje ibikoresho byinshi byuruganda kubikamyo, romoruki, amakamyo, amakamyo adasanzwe, hamwe n’imashini zubaka. Abaguzi basubiramo iyi moderi barashobora gukoresha Imodoka yubucuruzi ya Wentu hamwe nibikoresho rusange gusobanukirwa ibicuruzwa byagutse, mugihe bigikeneye kwemeza umushinga wihariye wuruganda nyirizina, iboneza, ubugenzuzi, hamwe ninshingano za garanti kuri buri cyegeranyo.
Nigute Abaguzi Bakwiye Guhindura Chassis nibisobanuro byumubiri?
Amakamyo abiri yajugunywe afite ibisobanuro bimwe birashobora gukomeza gutandukana mukigare cyimodoka, moteri, moteri nogukwirakwiza, amanota ya axle, amapine, cab, ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, ingano yumubiri, sisitemu ya hydraulic, kandi byemewe n'amategeko. Kugereranya abatanga isoko bifite agaciro gusa mugihe ibyo bintu bisanzwe.
| Kugereranya Ikintu | Ibisabwa byibuze RFQ | Impamvu Ihindura Icyemezo Cyubuguzi |
| Indangamuntu | Ikirangantego, icyitegererezo, iboneza ry'umusaruro, ubwoko bwimodoka, gahunda ya axle, hamwe na bisi. | Irinda abatanga ibicuruzwa kuvuga ibinyabiziga fatizo munsi yizina rusange ryibicuruzwa. |
| Ingano ya Powertrain | Moteri, ihererekanyabubasha, ibinyabiziga bigenda, ubwoko bwa lisansi, ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, hamwe nibitekerezo bikonje. | Hindura inshingano zijyanye, kubungabunga, guhuza lisansi yaho, hamwe nibice bifasha. |
| Ipine n'inziga | Ingano yipine, icyitegererezo, gusaba, ingano, ingano yimodoka, hamwe nibirango bitangwa nibisabwa. | Hindura imikorere yubutaka, gusimburwa kuboneka, igiciro cyo gukora, nigiciro cyo gutanga. |
| Imiterere ya geometrie | Uburebure bwimbere, ubugari, uburebure, ingano yizina, ubwoko bwa tailgate, hamwe nuburyo bwo gupakira. | Kumenya niba umubiri uhuye nibikoresho, imashini yipakurura, hamwe nimbogamizi zinzira. |
| Kubaka umubiri | Ibisobanuro bifatika, hasi no gushushanya, gushimangira, subframe, hamwe nibisabwa. | Hindura tare misa, kwambara ubuzima, gusanwa, kwishura, hamwe nigiciro cyuzuye. |
| Sisitemu yo gutanga inama | Hydraulic gahunda, guterura iboneza, kugenzura imikorere, nibisabwa kugenzura. | Guhindura imikorere yibikorwa, serivisi, umutekano, hamwe no gutegura ibice. |
Isomo rya kabiri ryinganda nuko amazina yicyitegererezo yonyine atari iboneza. Ibicuruzwa byoherejwe hanze bigomba kubamo ubugenzuzi bugenzurwa na tekinike. Mugihe umuguzi ahinduye aho yerekeza, ibyuka bisabwa, ipine, umubiri, cyangwa gahunda ya axle, utanga isoko agomba gutanga ibishya bishya aho guhindura urupapuro rwibiciro gusa.
Kugereranya umushinga, abaguzi barashobora gusuzuma ibicuruzwa bishingiye ku bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro nka Ikamyo ya Hanwo yagutse n'umuhanda ugenda-byinshi-axe ihitamo nka FAW Jiefang 8 × 4 ikamyo. Ihuza ryemeza ko imiryango yimodoka itandukanye ibaho murwego rwo gutanga; ntibasimbuza ibikenewe kubishushanyo-byihariye byashushanyije, uburemere, kwemeza inshingano-cycle, hamwe no gusuzuma aho bigana.
Kuki ibimenyetso byo kwishura bigomba gusubirwamo mbere yigiciro cyigice?
Ibisabwa kwishyurwa birashobora gushingira kumurongo wapimwe, ingano yumubiri, ubwinshi bwimodoka, agaciro kihariye kurubuga, cyangwa ibisobanuro byamamaza. Abaguzi ntibagomba kugereranya imibare yishyurwa kugeza igihe utanga isoko akoresha ibisobanuro bimwe.
RFQ igomba gusaba:
- Kurwanya misa kubinyabiziga byuzuye byavuzwe
- Ubwinshi bwimodoka cyangwa ikoreshwa rusange
- Imbere n'inyuma imitambiko-imitwaro
- Ikigereranyo cyo kwishura hamwe ninkomoko yurwo rwego
- Ingano yumubiri nubunini bwimbere
- Intego yibikoresho kandi biteganijwe kurekura ubwinshi
- Icyerekezo icyo aricyo cyose cyemewe, umuhanda, ikiraro, cyangwa imipaka ntarengwa
- Ibikoresho byose byubushake bikubiye muri curb mass yavuzwe
Isomo rya gatatu ryinganda ni uko kongeramo umubiri munini bishobora kugabanya imizigo ikoreshwa mugihe umubiri ubwawo wongereye tare cyangwa ushishikarizwa kurenza ibintu byinshi. Igiciro kigomba kugereranywa nuburyo bugenzurwa ninshingano, ntabwo bihabanye numubare munini wumubiri wacapishijwe muri kataloge.
Abaguzi bagomba kandi gutandukanya ubushobozi bwuruganda nubuzimagatozi. Ikamyo irashobora kuba ifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo itemewe mumihanda nyabagendwa cyangwa ibikorwa remezo byumushinga. Utanga isoko agomba kumenya igipimo cyuruganda, mugihe umuguzi cyangwa umufatanyabikorwa wacyo wemeza aho bigarukira.
Ni ibihe bimenyetso byo gukora no kugenzura bigomba kumvikana?
Ifoto y'uruganda cyangwa ibisobanuro rusange ntabwo byerekana ko imodoka nyayo yumuguzi yubatswe kandi igenzurwa kurwego rwumvikanyweho. Iteka rigomba kuba rikubiyemo gahunda ifatika yo kugenzura ikubiyemo indangamuntu ya chassis, guhimba umubiri, kwishyiriraho hydraulic, imikorere yo gutanga, ibirango, ibikoresho, inyandiko, nuburyo imodoka ya nyuma imeze.
Mbere yumusaruro
- Emeza urupapuro rwanyuma rwo gushushanya no gushushanya umubiri.
- Hagarika icyitegererezo cya chassis, ibipimo byumubiri, urugero rwa hydraulic, amapine, ibara, ibirango, ibikoresho, nurutonde rwinyandiko.
- Andika gutandukana kwose kuva RFQ yumwimerere.
- Emeza ubugenzuzi buzaba bwanditse kandi busaba abaguzi cyangwa abandi bantu kwitabira.
Mugihe cyo guhuza umubiri nibinyabiziga
- Kugenzura umwirondoro wa chassis ukurikije itegeko ryemewe.
- Reba ibipimo byumubiri, guhuza, gushimangira, subframe, gushiraho, nuburyo bugaragara bwo guhimba.
- Kugenzura inzira ya hydraulic, kurinda hose, kumeneka, kugenzura, no guterura.
- Emeza ko ibikoresho byongeweho bitabangamira amapine, guhagarikwa, gutwara ibinyabiziga, kugenda kwa cab, cyangwa serivisi.
Mbere yo koherezwa
- Kora igenzura ryimodoka yuzuye kandi igenzure.
- Andika ibikorwa byo guterura umubiri no kugabanya ibikorwa byumvikanyweho neza.
- Reba amatara, ibikoresho byo kuburira, ibirango, ibikoresho byatanzwe, imfashanyigisho, ibice byabigenewe, nibindi bikoresho.
- Kugenzura amakuru yuruhererekane, gupakira cyangwa gutegura ibicuruzwa, ibipimo byoherejwe, hamwe ninyandiko zihamye.
- Tanga urutonde rwanyuma rudasanzwe kandi ufunge ikintu cyose gifunguye mbere yo kohereza.
Isomo rya kane ryinganda nuko ifoto imwe mbere yo koherezwa atari gahunda yo kugenzura. Abaguzi bagomba gusobanura ibitekerezo bisabwa, inyandiko zipimishije, ingingo zerekana, imipaka yo kwemererwa, hamwe nuburyo budahwitse mbere yuko umusaruro utangira. Bitabaye ibyo, abatanga isoko n'abaguzi barashobora kutemeranya kubyo "byatsinzwe ubugenzuzi" bivuze.
Nigute Igice gisigara hamwe na garanti bigomba kugenzurwa?
Kumato yoherejwe hanze, serivisi irashobora kuba ingenzi kuruta itandukaniro rito mugiciro cyambere. Ikinyabiziga kidashobora gusanwa vuba kirashobora guteza igihombo kinini binyuze mumasaha make, imizigo yihutirwa, amakamyo ashobora kurya, hamwe ninkunga ituzuye.
Porogaramu yingoboka ikoreshwa igomba kuba ikubiyemo:
| Shigikira Ikintu | Igisubizo cyabatanga intege nke | Abaguzi-Biteguye Igisubizo |
| Igikoresho cyambere | “Ibice by'ubusa birimo.” | Urutonde-rufite urutonde hamwe nubunini, ibisobanuro, gusaba ibinyabiziga, nagaciro kapaki. |
| Ikigega gisabwa | Urutonde rusange kuri buri mushinga. | Urutonde rwahinduwe kubunini bwa flet, cycle yumurimo, amasaha yo gukora, aho uri, nigihe giteganijwe cyo kuzuzwa. |
| Imfashanyigisho n'ibice biranga | Agatabo rusange cyangwa imfashanyigisho y'abakoresha ituzuye. | Umukoresha, kubungabunga, ibice, no gukemura ibibazo kubisobanuro byavuzwe. |
| Uburyo bwa garanti | “Garanti ukurikije politiki y'uruganda.” | Kwandika byanditse, guhezwa, gusaba ibimenyetso, inzira yo gusubiza, ibice byinshingano, hamwe nakazi cyangwa ibikorwa bya serivisi. |
| Igisubizo cya tekiniki | Umucuruzi-gusa. | Yitwa imiyoboro yubucuruzi nubuhanga hamwe nintambwe ziteganijwe zo gusubiza. |
Isomo rya gatanu ryinganda ni uko urutonde rwibice bitagira umubare wibice hamwe nibisobanuro bitoroshye gukoresha. Umuguzi agomba kuba ashobora guhuza ibikoresho byose bikomeye namakamyo yatanzwe kandi akabisubiramo atarinze kubaka ibisobanuro bivuye kumafoto.
Garanti nayo igomba kugabanywa na sisitemu. Sobanura uburyo ibirego birimo chassis, umubiri wajugunywe, sisitemu ya hydraulic, ibikoresho byamashanyarazi, nibindi bikoresho byongeweho bizasuzumwa kandi bikemurwe. Igihe kimwe cya garanti ntigisubiza uwishyura ibice, imizigo, umurimo, cyangwa isuzuma ryabandi.
Ni izihe nyandiko zohereza hanze zigomba kwemezwa mbere yo gusohora ibicuruzwa?
Ibisabwa byinyandiko biratandukana aho bigana, ibinyabiziga, inzira yo kwiyandikisha, nyiri umushinga, uburyo bwo kohereza, na Incoterm. Utanga isoko ntagomba gusezeranya kubahiriza isi yose nta muguzi ugaragaza igihugu cyagenewe n'inzira yemewe.
Umuguzi agomba gutegura inyandiko yerekana matrike yerekana, nkuko bikenewe:
- Inyemezabuguzi yubucuruzi namakuru yo gupakira
- Umugereka n'amasezerano umugereka
- Icyemezo cyinkomoko cyangwa abaguzi-basabwa ibyangombwa byinkomoko
- Kumenyekanisha ibinyabiziga hamwe namakuru ya tekiniki
- Imfashanyigisho, ibirango, n'ibisabwa ururimi
- Kugenzura cyangwa ibizamini bisabwa n'abaguzi
- Ibipimo byo kohereza, uburemere, guterura, kurinda, cyangwa gusenya amakuru
- Inyandiko zisabwa niyandikwa ryerekanwe cyangwa inzira-yo kwakira umushinga
Isomo rya gatandatu ryinganda nuko inyandiko zohereza hanze zigomba kwemezwa mbere yumusaruro, ntizikusanyirizwe nyuma yamakamyo yiteguye. Inyandiko zimwe zisabwa zishobora kugira ingaruka kuri chassis zatoranijwe, ibirango, kumenyekanisha, imiterere yumubiri, cyangwa inzira yo kugenzura. Gutinda gutinda birashobora gutera gukora cyangwa gutinda kubyoherejwe.
Ni uwuhe utanga isoko avuga ko agomba gukurura ubugenzuzi bwimbitse?
Abaguzi b'amato bagomba gufata ibisubizo bikurikira nk'ikimenyetso cyo kugenzura ibindi:
- Urupapuro rumwe rusobanutse rutangwa kuri chassis zitandukanye cyangwa ibishushanyo mbonera byumubiri.
- Utanga isoko asubiramo imitwaro ariko ntabwo azatanga curb mass, ibipimo byumubiri, cyangwa umutwaro-umutwaro.
- Utanga isoko ntashobora gusobanura niba ari uwukora chassis, uwubaka umubiri, uwinjiza, cyangwa wohereza ibicuruzwa hanze.
- Umubiri usobanurwa gusa nubunini bwa cubic, udafite ibikoresho, geometrie, imizigo yagenewe, cyangwa gushushanya.
- Amagambo akoreshwa akoresha "iboneza risanzwe" ariko ntasobanura ibipimo.
- Ururimi rwa garanti ntirugaragaza inshingano za chassis, umubiri, hydraulic, hamwe na sisitemu yongeyeho.
- Igicuruzwa gisigara ntigifite nimero cyangwa isano nibinyabiziga byavuzwe.
- Icyerekezo cyo kubahiriza cyasezeranijwe udasabye igihugu, inzira yo kwiyandikisha, cyangwa ibyangombwa bisabwa.
- Urutonde runini rusabwa mbere yo kwemeza iboneza cyangwa ibipimo byo kwemererwa mbere yo koherezwa.
Isomo rya karindwi ryinganda nuko ibyiringiro byabatanga atari ibimenyetso. Abatanga isoko bakomeye bagomba gushobora kumenya ibitekerezwa, gusobanura aho bigarukira, gutandukana kwinyandiko, no kuvuga ibisigaye ari inshingano zumuguzi. Imipaka iboneye irakenewe kuruta amasezerano adashyigikiwe.
Ubugenzuzi bwoherezwa mu mahanga bwohereza ibicuruzwa busa bute?
Urugero: Impamyabushobozi yabatanga umushinga wo kohereza amakamyo menshi. Ibi nibisobanuro byerekana amasoko ashingiye kumiterere rusange yo kugura amato, ntabwo ari ikibazo cyabakiriya ba Wentu.
Amavu n'amavuko y'ubucuruzi: Ikwirakwiza ry'ibikoresho byo mu karere rikeneye amamodoka atwara amakamyo yo gutwara ibintu. Imodoka zizakora igice kumihanda nyabagendwa naho igice cyimishinga. Umugabuzi arasaba amagambo yatanzwe nabatanga isoko mpuzamahanga.
Ikibazo: Amagambo asa nkaho asobanura amakamyo asa, ariko ibiciro biratandukanye cyane. Umuntu utanga isoko asubiramo umubiri munini, undi arimo amapine atandukanye, naho uwa gatatu ukuyemo inyandiko zingenzi nibice byabigenewe. Inshingano ya garanti ntisobanutse kuko chassis numubiri biva muruganda rutandukanye.
Impamvu: RFQ isobanura gusa ibice bya axle, umutwaro, nubunini. Ntabwo ihagarika chassis, gushushanya umubiri, kugabanya imbaga, ibisabwa aho igana, uburyo bwo kugenzura, ibicuruzwa byabigenewe, aho byoherezwa, cyangwa inshingano za garanti.
Igisubizo: Umuguzi atanga gahunda imwe isanzwe ya tekiniki nubucuruzi. Buriwese utanga isoko agomba kwerekana uruhare rwayo, akavuga chassis imwe nubunini bwumubiri, akerekana ibitekerezo, gutanga matrike yinshingano, gutanga igenzura nigishushanyo mbonera, no kugura ibicuruzwa byabigenewe bitandukanye. Umuguzi noneho atsindira kubahiriza mbere yo kugereranya igiciro cyanyuma.
Agaciro k'icyemezo cy'abaguzi: Amagambo yo hasi yambere yatanzwe ntagihita ashyirwa kumwanya wambere. Umuguzi arashobora gutandukanya ibyiza nyabyo kubiciro bivuyeho, ibishushanyo bitandukanye, kugenzura intege nke, inkunga ituzuye, hamwe nimpanuka-yinyandiko. Ibi birinda byombi gahunda yambere hamwe nuwagabanije izina hamwe nabakoresha amaherezo.
Nigute Abaguzi Batsindira Abakora Amakamyo Kujugunya?
| Agace k'amanota | Ibitekerezo byatanzwe | Ibisabwa-byuzuye |
| Kubahiriza iboneza | 20% | Chassis nyayo, umubiri, amapine, urugero rwa hydraulic, amahitamo, no gutandukana byanditse. |
| Kwishura no gushingira ku mategeko | 15% | Kurwanya misa, ubwinshi rusange, ishingiro ryumutwe, ibisobanuro byo kwishura, ingano yumubiri, hamwe nibitekerezo byerekanwe. |
| Gukora no kugenzura | 15% | Ingingo zo kugenzura, inyandiko, kugenzura imikorere, inzira idahwitse, no gusohora ibicuruzwa byasobanuwe. |
| Inshingano zabatanga | 15% | Chassis, umubiri, hydraulic, kwishyira hamwe, kohereza hanze, ninshingano za garanti birasobanutse. |
| Ibice na serivisi | 15% | Ibice-byabitswe igice, imfashanyigisho, inzira ya garanti, hamwe n'inkunga ya tekiniki zirimo. |
| Kohereza no kohereza inyandiko | 10% | Urutonde rwinyandiko rwemejwe aho rugana, ibyoherejwe, nibisabwa n'abaguzi. |
| Amagambo yubucuruzi | 10% | Igiciro, Incoterm, kuyobora igihe, kwishura, gupakira, urugero rwo kohereza, guhezwa, kandi bifite agaciro birasobanutse. |
Ibipimo birashobora guhindurwa kumushinga, ariko abatanga isoko bagomba gutangwa mbere yo kuganira kubiciro. Iyo urwego rwa tekiniki rutarakemuka, igiciro cyo hasi gishobora gusa kugereranya ibintu bito cyangwa ibyago bishobora gutangwa.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
Ese uruganda rwa chassis rwikora mu buryo bwuzuye uruganda rukora amakamyo?
Oya. Chassis, guta umubiri, subframe, sisitemu ya hydraulic, kwishyira hamwe kwanyuma, kohereza hanze, na garanti bishobora kuba birimo amashyaka atandukanye. Abaguzi bagomba kumenya urwego rwuzuye rwimodoka yavuzwe.
Niyihe nyandiko ikomeye mbere yo kugereranya ibiciro?
Iboneza no kubahiriza matrix ningirakamaro cyane yo gutangira. Igomba gutondeka neza chassis, umubiri, ishingiro ryumushahara, amapine, amahitamo, ubugenzuzi, ibicuruzwa, inyandiko, urwego rwubucuruzi, ibitekerezo, no gutandukana.
Nigute abaguzi bashobora kwemeza ko ibirego bibiri byo kwishyurwa bigereranywa?
Saba abatanga ibicuruzwa byombi kuri leta curb mass, mass mass, axle-umutwaro shingiro, umutwaro wapimwe, ingano yumubiri, gutekereza kubintu, ibikoresho bidahwitse, hamwe n’ibibuza kugana ukoresheje ibisobanuro bimwe.
Abaguzi bakwiye kugenzura ikamyo imwe y'icyitegererezo mbere yo gutumiza amato?
Igenzura ry'icyitegererezo cyangwa igice cya mbere rishobora kugabanya ingaruka, ariko rigomba gukoresha iboneza ry'umusaruro wanyuma hamwe n'ibipimo byemewe. Abaguzi bagomba kandi gusobanura uburyo igice cya mbere cyemewe kizigana mumodoka zisigaye.
Ni ibihe bice by'ibicuruzwa bigomba gushyirwa muburyo bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze?
Ipaki igomba kwerekana ubunini bwa flet, cycle yumurimo, kuboneka kwaho, igihe cyo kuzuza, hamwe nibisobanuro byavuzwe. Igice cyose kigomba kugira ibisobanuro bisobanutse, umubare wigice, ingano, hamwe nibisabwa byimodoka.
Ushobora gutanga isoko ashobora kwemeza aho yerekeza adafite amakuru yaho?
Nta mutanga wizewe ugomba gukora garanti yisi yose aho igana, inzira yo kwiyandikisha, gukoresha ibikorwa, hamwe nibyangombwa bisabwa. Umuguzi nuwabitanze bagomba kugabana inshingano zo kubahiriza inyandiko.
Kuki umuguzi agomba gusuzuma ibicuruzwa bitonze nkibikoresho birimo?
Kwirengagiza byerekana ibiciro, inyandiko, ubugenzuzi, ibikoresho, serivisi, cyangwa inshingano bitarimo. Byinshi bigaragara ko amagambo make ahenze nyuma yibi bintu byabuze byongeweho.
Saba Igenamigambi n'Ubugenzuzi
Tanga igihugu ugana, gusaba gukora, kwishyiriraho intego, guhitamo imitambiko, ubwoko bwibintu, imiterere yinzira, ubwinshi bwamato, ibisabwa bya chassis cyangwa ibicuruzwa, ibisabwa mumubiri, ibiteganijwe kugenzurwa, gahunda y'ibice, urutonde rwinyandiko, Incoterm, hamwe nintego yo gutanga binyuze muri Wentu urupapuro namakuru yatanzwe. Wentu irashobora gusuzuma ibimodoka byajugunywe iboneka, ikamenya ibyabuze RFQ yabuze, igasobanura uruganda nuburinganire bwabyo, igereranya ibicuruzwa biboneye, kandi igategura amagambo yatanzwe hamwe nibitekerezo byanditse, ibitandukanijwe, urugero rushyigikiwe, hamwe nishingiro ryo gutanga.
