Abathengi akufuneki bakhethe ilori yokulahla ngobuninzi bamandla ehashe kuphela. Ubume be-injini obufanelekileyo kufuneka buvavanywe kunye nobunzima obulayishiweyo, ibakala lendlela, umgama wokutsala, amaza okuqalisa, umphezulu wendlela, umphakamo, ubushushu obuthile, uthumelo, umlinganiselo we-asi kunye nobukhulu betayara. La magalelo amisela ukuba imveliso ye-injini iguqulwa njani na ibe ngamandla amavili anokusebenziseka, indlela ilori eziphatha ngayo xa iphinda iqalwa okanye inyuka ngokuqhubekayo, kwaye ingaba iinkqubo zokupholisa nezamafutha ziyawufanela umjikelo wokusebenza. Injini yamahashe aphezulu ayenzi ngokuzenzekelayo ilori yokulahla engcono kuyo yonke indlela yokutsala. I-RFQ eluncedo ke ngoko ichaza indlela kunye nomsebenzi phambi kokucela isincomo senjini, emva koko icele umboneleli ukuba abuyisele eyona injini, uthumelo, iasi, itayara kunye nolungelelwaniso lokupholisa nazo naziphi na iingqikelelo okanye ukutenxa okuchongwe ngokucacileyo.

Kutheni le nto amandla eHashe ewodwa engonelanga ukukhetha iNjini yelori yokulahla?

Amandla ehashe ligalelo elinye ekusebenzeni kwesithuthi, hayi isiphumo esipheleleyo sokukhetha. I-injini ivelisa i-torque kunye namandla kuluhlu lwesantya sokusebenza. Ugqithiso kunye nedrive yokugqibela ziyaphindaphinda kwaye zisasaze loo torque. Iradiyasi yokuqengqeleka kwamatayara ngoko ichaphazela amandla akhoyo kumphezulu wendlela, ngelixa ubunzima besithuthi esilayishiweyo, ibakala, ukuxhathisa okuqengqelekayo kunye nesantya esijolise kuso simisela amandla elori ewadinga ngokwenene.

Itsheyini ebonakalayo yile: imveliso ye-injini → i-drivetrain → amandla evili → eyona ntsebenzo yokutsala. Ukuqhawula loo khonkco kwi-injini yokulinganisa kunokuvelisa uthelekiso olulahlekisayo. Ilori enesihloko esikhulu esiphumayo isenokungahambelani kakuhle ukuba igiya yayo, i-asi ye-asi okanye isayizi yetayara ayikuxhasi ukuqalisa kunye namabakala afunekayo. Ulungelelwaniso lwemveliso esezantsi lunokwenza ngokwamkelekileyo kwenye indlela kuba i-drivetrain yayo kunye nesantya sokusebenza zilungelelaniswe ngcono naloo msebenzi.

Ukuhanjiswa kwetorque nako kubalulekile. Abathengi kufuneka bazi ukuba injini ecetywayo isebenza njani nothumelo olukhethiweyo endaweni yokuphatha imveliso ephezulu njengefumaneka rhoqo kwisantya ngasinye sesithuthi. Umbuzo ochanekileyo ayingokuthi "Mangakanani amandla ehashe?" kodwa "Lo loliwe uhambisa amandla njani amandla evili kunye nokusebenza okuzinzileyo okufunwa yindlela elayishiweyo?" Abathengi bethelekisa iintsapho ezikhoyo zezithuthi banokuqala nge udidi lwemveliso yelori yokulahla, emva koko unciphise umbuzo usebenzisa indlela kunye nedatha yomsebenzi.

Qala ngoMsebenzi wokuHamba oLawulweyo

Ukukhethwa kwe-injini kufuneka kuqale ngeprofayili ebhaliweyo yokusebenza. Xela ubunzima besithuthi esingenanto kunye nowona mthwalo, okanye unike ubunzima obulindelweyo bokusebenza ukuba lixabiso leprojekthi elilawulwayo. Yongeza imathiriyeli erhuqweyo, iihambo ngosuku, umgama oya kwicala elinye, ibakala eliphezulu, ubude bamabakala azinzileyo, umphezulu wendlela, inani leziqalo ezilayishiweyo, umndilili wesantya sokuhamba, ubushushu obuthile kunye nomphakamo.

La magalelo ahlula imisebenzi ekhangeleka ngokufanayo kumgca wetoni ezilula. Indlela emfutshane yasemgodini eneziqalo zokulayisha rhoqo, umhlaba ongalinganiyo kunye nokunyuka okuphindaphindiweyo kubeka imfuno eyahlukileyo kuloliwe osuka kwindlela ende egangathiweyo eneendawo zokumisa ezimbalwa kunye nokuhamba ngenqanawa okuzinzileyo. Nangona zombini zihambisa i-tonnage efanayo, imeko yokuqala inokugxininisa ukusebenza okuphantsi kwesantya, ukutsalwa kunye nokugatywa kobushushu, ngelixa okwesibini kunokugxininisa uluhlu olusebenzayo, ukuhamba ngenqanawa, amandla ombane kunye nokusebenza kakuhle komjikelo.

Musa ukuthumela kuphela eyona ndawo ingumnqantsa kwindlela. Irempu emfutshane kunye nokunyuka okuzinzileyo okunebanga eliphezulu elifanayo akwenzi umbuzo ofanayo we-thermal okanye womsebenzi womjikelo. Ngokufanayo, "indlela yomgodi" ayanele: bonisa ukuba umhlaba udibene, ukhululekile, unodaka, uguquguqukayo okanye uguquguqukayo ngexesha lonyaka, kuba ukuchasana nokuqengqeleka kunye neemeko zokutsalwa kuchaphazela ukuphononongwa.

Yeyiphi i-injini kunye ne-Drivetrain eguquguqukayo ekufuneka abathengi bathelekise?

Itheyibhile sisikhokelo sothelekiso, hayi indawo yophononongo lobunjineli. Wonke umniki-nkonzo kufuneka aphendule ngokuchasene namagalelo omthengi afanayo. Ukuba ikowuti enye ithatha umthwalo ophantsi womvuzo, indlela egudileyo okanye inyuka emfutshane ezinzileyo, umgca wayo we-injini awunakuthelekiswa ngokuthe ngqo nekoteyishini esekelwe kwindlela yokwenyani.

Ingaba iBanga kunye nokuQalisa ukuQhakaza kusitshintsha njani isigqibo sePowertrain?

Ukulayishwa rhoqo kuqala kwibakala kwenza ukuhanjiswa kwetorque enesantya esisezantsi, ukuhanjiswa kwegiya, umlinganiselo we-axle, ukutsala kunye nobunzima obulayishiweyo kubaluleke ngakumbi. I-powertrain kufuneka isuse ilori ekuphumleni phantsi kweemeko ezichaziweyo, ingafiki nje kwisantya ekujoliswe kuso emva kokuba sele ishukuma. Imeko yomphezulu nayo ibalulekile kuba amandla esondo engqikelelo aluncedo kuphela xa amatayara enokuyihambisa ngaphandle kokutyibilika okungamkelekanga.

Izithuthi ezinde, ezizinzileyo zitshintsha ugxininiso. Isantya sokuhamba ngenqanawa, ukukhetha izixhobo, ukusetyenziswa kwepetroli, uluhlu olusebenzayo lwe-injini kunye nobude bexesha lomthwalo ozinzileyo lubonakala ngakumbi. Ubalulo olulungiselelwe kuphela isantya esisezantsi sokuqalwa lusenokungaboneleli ngendlela efanayo yokuhamba ngenqanawa njengobumbeko olulungiselelwe ixesha elide, amacandelo akhawulezayo.

Umlinganiselo osezantsi wesantya sokugqibela wokuqhuba unokuphucula ukuqala okanye ukukwazi ukwenza ibakala, kodwa unokutshintsha isantya sokuhamba ngenqanawa kunye nokuziphatha kwamafutha. Yiyo loo nto i-axle ratio kufuneka ingaze yamkelwe njengokhetho oluzimeleyo "olunamandla". Umniki-nkonzo kufuneka achaze ukuba yeyiphi intelekelelo yendlela exhaswa ngumlinganiselo onikiweyo kunye nokuba ikwazisa ntoni na urhwebo.

Kutheni kufuneka kuVavanywe i-injini, uThutho kunye ne-Axle Retio njengeNkqubo enye?

Masithi uMboneleli A unikezela nge-injini yemveliso ephezulu ene-transmission enye kunye ne-axle ratio, ngelixa uMboneleli B ebonelela ngemveliso ye-injini esezantsi kancinci ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ukulinganisa iikowuteshini ngokwamandla ehashe akuyihoyi indlela ehambisa imveliso ye-injini kumatayara. Ikwafihla iiyantlukwano kwizixhobo ezikhoyo, izixhobo ezisebenzayo, isantya ekujoliswe kuso kunye noluhlu olusebenzayo lwenjini.

Funa umboneleli ngamnye ukuba achonge eyona modeli ye-injini kunye nesiphumo esikalisiweyo, imodeli yothumelo, inani legiya kunye nolwazi olukhoyo lomlinganiselo, i-asi yokuqhuba, umlinganiselo we-asi kunye nobukhulu betayara. Bhala ezi zinto kwiphepha elinye lothelekiso. Ukuba naliphi na ixabiso liyakhethwa okanye lixhomekeke kuphononongo lokugqibela lobunjineli, ileyibhelishe ngokufanelekileyo endaweni yokuvumela uluhlu lwegeneric ukuba lungene kumyalelo wokuthenga.

Isiphumo sothelekiso kufuneka siphendule ukuba ngaba i-drivetrain epheleleyo ihambelana nendlela yokwenyani. Amandla ehashe ahlala eluncedo, kodwa ngaphakathi kuphela kolo hlaziyo lwenqanaba lenkqubo. Oku kwenza ukuba ingcaciso yobugcisa kamva ibe lula: umthengi unokuchonga ukuba enye indlela ecetywayo iyayitshintsha i-injini yodwa okanye itshintshe ibhalansi yesantya esipheleleyo ngokuchasene nevili-torque.

Ubude kunye nobushushu bukuchaphazela njani uKhetho lwe-injini?

Imigodi enobude obuphezulu, imozulu eshushu, ukunyuka okude kunye nesantya esisezantsi sokusebenza kanzima kunokutshintsha iimeko zokusebenza kuzo zombini iinjini kunye nenkqubo yokupholisa. Isiphumo asinakumelwa ngokufanelekileyo yinto enye yolungiso lwendalo yonke kuba isiphumo sixhomekeke kwi-injini kanye, ulungelelwaniso, iphakheji yokupholisa kunye nomsebenzi.

Umphakamo wesiza sombuso, ubushushu obuqhelekileyo kunye nobugqithisileyo bendawo, ubude bexesha elilindelekileyo lomthwalo kunye nokuba uthuli okanye ukuhamba komoya okuthintelweyo kuyinkxalabo. Umniki-nkonzo kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba injini ecetywayo kunye nolungelelwaniso lokupholisa lufuna ukuthotywa okanye uphononongo oluthe ngqo lweprojekthi phantsi kobude obuxeliweyo kunye nobushushu. Ukuba umenzi we-injini ubeka izithintelo zokusebenza okanye iphakheji yokupholisa eyahlukileyo iyafuneka, loo miqathango kufuneka ibonakale kunikezelo lobugcisa phambi kokuvunywa.

Uthini Umahluko phakathi kweNgcono yokuSebenza kunye noKwenziwa koMjikelo woMsebenzi?

Ixabiso eliphezulu lemveliso lichaza incopho yobalulo. Umsebenzi wokuthutha lulandelelwano: umgca wokulayisha, isiqalo esilayishiweyo, isantya, ukunyuka, ukuhamba kwinqanaba, ukothula, ukuhla okanye ukubuya okungenanto, ukungenzi nto kunye nokufaka amafutha. Ilori ekulindeleke ukuba isebenze iiyure ezisibhozo ukuya kwezilishumi ngosuku kufuneka iphinde olo landelelwano ngelixa igcina amaqondo obushushu amkelekileyo, ukufumaneka komjikelo kunye noluhlu lokusebenza.

Ukunyuka okuqhubekayo kunye nokuqaliswa okuphindaphindiweyo kunokudala imfuno eyahlukileyo ukusuka kumboniso omnye wokuqhuba. Ukubuyela ekwehleni kunye nexesha lokulinda kunokubonelela ngokupholisa kwakhona, ngelixa umjikelo oshinyeneyo unokubonelela kancinci. Amathuba okugalela amafutha ezithuthi kunye nomthamo wetanki nako kunokuchaphazela imveliso ebonakalayo naxa injini inokugqibezela ukunyuka komntu ngamnye.

Incopho yokuchaza ayikokufaneleka ngokupheleleyo komjikelo womsebenzi. Abathengi kufuneka babonelele ngeeyure zokusebenza, izigaba zomjikelo kunye neziphazamiso ezilindelekileyo ukuze umboneleli akwazi ukuvavanya ulungelelwaniso ngokuchasene neshifti yonke kunesiganeko esinye esikhulu.

Kufuneka abaThengi baPhonononge njani iNjini yokuLahla iNdawo yelori?

Intsapho yemveliso yangempela inokumisa ingxoxo. I I-WEICHAI yemigodi yokulahla ilori yokulahla umzimba iphepha ngokwangoku lichonga iinketho ze-injini yothotho lweWP, uluhlu lwe-400–600 hp, iinketho zothumelo loomatshini olunesantya esiphezulu kunye noluhlu lobungakanani bamathaya obunjineli. Olu luhlu lupapashiweyo lunceda abathengi ukuba bachonge uhlobo lwesithuthi esikhoyo sokuhlolwa kweprojekthi.

Nangona kunjalo, uluhlu lwephepha lewebhu aluthethi ukuba ilori enye ngaxeshanye ibandakanya yonke injini, amandla ehashe, uthumelo kunye nokhetho lwamatayara. Kananjalo ayiqinisekisi ukuba yonke indibaniselwano iyahambelana. Iphepha lemveliso libonelela ngentsapho yoqwalaselo lokwenyani lokuvavanya, kodwa umthengi kusafuneka aqinisekise eyona injini, uthumelo, iasi, itayara kunye noqwalaselo lokusebenza olucatshulwe kwiprojekthi.

Cela umthengisi ukuba akhuphe ishedyuli enye yoqwalaselo ebotshelelwe kubunzima bomthengi obulayishiweyo kunye nendlela. Ishedyuli kufuneka ichonge amaxabiso akhethiweyo, yahlule izixhobo ezisemgangathweni kwiinketho, kwaye ichaze nawaphi na amagalelo omthengi asalahlekileyo. Ukuba ukhetho oluninzi lunikiwe, ukhetho ngalunye kufuneka luchaze umsebenzi olujoliswe kuwo.

Zeziphi iimpazamo zoKhetho lweeNjini eziqhelekileyo zidala umngcipheko wokuthengwa kwempahla?

1. Kuphela kuthelekisa amandla ehashe. Oku akuhoyi ukuhanjiswa, umlinganiselo we-asi, amatayara kunye nokuhanjiswa kwetorque emisela amandla anokusebenziseka amavili.
2. Ukungahoyi ubunzima obulayishiwe. Isindululo se-injini esekwe kwilori engenanto okanye umthamo womzimba oqhelekileyo awuchazi owona msebenzi wokuqhuba.
3. Ukungahoyi ibakala elizinzileyo. Ukunika kuphela umlinganiselo ophezulu wokuthambeka kufihla ukuba ilori kufuneka ikhwele ixesha elingakanani phantsi komthwalo.
4. Ukungahoyi ukuphakama kunye nobushushu. Uqwalaselo oluphononongwayo lwesiza esinobude obuphantsi obusezantsi kunokufuna ukuphononongwa ngakumbi malunga nomgodi oshushu okanye ophakamileyo.
5. Ukuthelekisa iikowuti kunye needrivetrains ezahlukeneyo. Ukuthelekiswa kwexabiso akuthembeki xa injini, ukuhanjiswa, umlinganiselo we-axle okanye uqikelelo lwamatayara alulungelelaniswa.

Le mingcipheko yabelana ngesizathu esinye: uthelekiso lwezorhwebo luqala ngaphambi kokuba isiseko sobugcisa siqheleke. Iphepha elifutshane lendlela encanyathiselwe kwi-RFQ nganye lenza ukunxaxha kubonakale kwaye inika ukuthenga, ubunjineli kunye nababoneleli ngereferensi efanayo.

Bobuphi ubungqina ekufuneka abathengi babucele ngaphambi kokuvunywa?

Ngaphambi kokuvunywa, cela imodeli ye-injini kanye nephepha ledatha, imodeli yothumelo, inkcazo ye-axle ye-drive, umlinganiselo we-asi, ubungakanani betayara, ukumiswa kokupholisa, ukucaciswa kwetanki ye-fuel, inkcazo yobunzima besithuthi kunye nokucingela kwendlela. Kwakhona kufuna uluhlu lolungelelwaniso olukhethiweyo kunye neshedyuli yokutenxa.

Ubungqina kufuneka buchaze ilori ecatshulwe ngokwenene. Incwadana equlathe imifuziselo emininzi iluncedo ekufunyanweni, kodwa ayithathi ndawo yephepha loqwalaselo olukhethekileyo. Qinisekisa ukuba ngawaphi amaxabiso alungisiweyo, ahlala exhomekeke kuphononongo lweprojekthi kwaye efuna imvume yomthengi.

Ukuba umthengisi unika ukhetho oluninzi, kufuna ingcaciso ebambekayo: “Ukhetho A lucetywayo kule ndlela yokuthelekelela; uKhetho B luyayitshintsha le elementi ye-drivetrain kwaye ijongiswe ukulungisa le meko imbi.” Loo mpendulo iluncedo ngakumbi kunamanani enjini amabini ngaphandle kwesiseko sokhetho. Ikwanqanda ukhetho olungajongwanga ekubeni lube olungagqibekanga ngexesha lokusetyenzwa kweodolo.

Kufuneka Ibandakanye Ntoni Injini Yelori Yokulahla I-RFQ?

I-RFQ esele ilungele isigqibo kufuneka ibandakanye:

1. Izinto ezirhuqwayo
2. Ubunzima bokusebenza obulayishiwe
3. Umgama wokutsala indlela enye
4. Eyona ndlela iphezulu
5. Ubude bebanga elizinzileyo
6. Umphezulu wendlela kunye nemeko yexesha lonyaka
7. Ilayishiwe amaza okuqalisa
8. Isantya sokuhamba esijoliswe kuko
9. Ukuphakama kwendawo
10. Ubushushu be-ambient obuqhelekileyo kunye nobugqithisileyo
11. Iiyure zokusebenza kunye nohambo kwishifti nganye
12. Isibaso esikhethwayo kunye nesicwangciso sokugalela amafutha
13. Nayiphi na imfuneko yenjini enyanzelekileyo
14. Nayiphi na imfuneko yosulelo olusisinyanzelo
15. Imfuno ye-axle kunye ne-axle-ratio
16. Ubungakanani beTire, uhlobo okanye umgangatho wesiza
17. Inkonzo kunye neemeko ezisecaleni
18. Indawo ekuyiwa kuyo, ubungakanani kunye nokuhanjiswa kwemfuno

Thumela la magalelo nge lahla ifomu yesicelo seprojekthi yelori kwaye ucele umthengisi ukuba abuyisele yonke imigca eQinisekisiweyo / etenxileyo / Eyenye / iNgeniso yomthengi iyafuneka. Oku kuguqula imibuzo ye-injini ngokubanzi ibeyinkqubo enokulandeleka yoqwalaselo olusekwe kwindlela kwaye yenza uqikelelo olukhuphisanayo lube lula ukuthelekisa.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo

Ngaba amandla aphezulu ehashe ahlala engcono kwilori yokulahla?

Hayi. Ukufaneleka kuxhomekeke kwi-powertrain epheleleyo kunye nomsebenzi, kubandakanywa ubunzima obulayishiweyo, ukuhanjiswa kwetorque, ukuhanjiswa, umlinganiselo we-asi, amatayara, ibakala, isantya, iimeko zokupholisa kunye nepateni yomjikelo. Imveliso ephezulu inokuba luncedo kwimfuno echaziweyo, kodwa ayilulo ngokuzenzekelayo ulungelelwaniso olungcono kuyo yonke indlela.

Ingaba inqanaba lendlela likuchaphazela njani ukhetho lwenjini yokulahla ilori?

Ibakala liyawatshintsha amandla amavili afunekayo ekuqaliseni nasekunyukeni. Abathengi kufuneka babonelele ngowona mgangatho uphezulu kunye nobude bamabakala azinzileyo ukuze umthengisi akwazi ukuphonononga injini, igiya, umlinganiselo we-asi, ukutsala kunye neemfuno zokupholisa kunye.

Kutheni i-axle ratio ibalulekile xa kuthelekiswa iilori zokulahla?

Umlinganiselo we-axle uchaphazela ukurhweba phakathi kwe-torque yevili kunye nesantya semoto. Kufuneka ivavanywe ngokugqithiswa, ubungakanani betayara, ubunzima obulayishiweyo kunye nendlela. Umlinganiselo we-asi oxhasa umsebenzi wokuqala okanye wokunyuka unokutshintsha indlela yokuhamba ngenqanawa kwenye indlela.

Loluphi ulwazi ekufuneka abathengi bathumele ngaphambi kokuba bacele isincomo senjini?

Ubuncinci, thumela ubunzima obulayishiweyo, izinto ezirhuqwayo, umgama, inqanaba eliphezulu kunye nenqanaba elizinzileyo, umgangatho wendlela, amaza okuqalisa, isantya ekujoliswe kuso, iiyure zokusebenza, ukuphakama kunye nobushushu. Yongeza naluphi na uthumelo olunyanzelekileyo, iasi, itayara, isibaso, inkonzo okanye iinxalenye ezisecaleni.