Iloli lokulahla i-DONGFENG 6×4 kufanele lihlolwe njengohlelo oluphelele lokudonsa, hhayi olukhethiwe egameni elithi “10 Wheeler” kuphela. Lelo gama lemakethe livamise ukuchaza iloli eliqinile elinama-asi amathathu ane-ekseli eyodwa yesiteringi kanye nama-asi angemuva ashayelwa yi-tandem afakwe amathayi akabili, kodwa alichazi umthwalo osemthethweni okhokhelwayo, umthamo womzimba, ukuphuma kwenjini noma ukugunyazwa komgwaqo. Ukumiswa okulungile kuncike ekumineni kwezinto, indawo yomzila kanye negradient, okokusebenza kokulayisha, izimo zokuthipha, imikhawulo yenqwaba yendawo, ukufinyelela kwesevisi kanye nemibhalo edingekayo. Abathengi kufanele baqinisekise lokho okokufaka kuqala, bese beqhathanisa i-chassis enikeziwe, umzimba, isistimu ye-hydraulic kanye nobufakazi bokwamukela ngokumelene nencazelo yephrojekthi eyodwa elawulwayo.

“Amasondo angu-10” incazelo ewusizo, hhayi isilinganiso somthamo

Ulimi lokubala amasondo luyahlukahluka phakathi kwezimakethe. Emibuzweni eminingi yokuthumela ngaphandle, “iloli lokulahla amasondo angu-10” libhekisela esibalweni samasondo esibonakalayo: amathayi amabili ku-asi esiteringini kanye nayisishiyagalombili ngaphesheya kwama-ekseli amabili angemuva anamathayi akabili. Ifomula ye-axle engu-6 × 4 ichaza izikhundla zamasondo ayisithupha ezinamadrayivu amane; ayisho namanje isamba semoto iyonke evunyelwe noma umthwalo okhokhelwayo otholakala ngemva kokubalwa kwekhebhu, i-chassis, uphethiloli, umzimba kanye nezinto ezisebenza ngamanzi.

Lo mehluko ubalulekile ngoba umthamo oceliwe ungadlula umkhawulo osemthethweni noma wezobuchwepheshe ngisho nalapho indikimba yempahla inesikhala esanele. Isisindo esivumelekile sokusebenza sivinjelwa umkhawulo ophansi osebenzayo phakathi kwemithetho yendawo, isilinganiso semoto kanye nezilinganiso zezingxenye ezifana nama-ekseli, amasondo namasondo. I-gross mass iyodwa nayo ayanele: i-ekseli ngayinye ingalayishwa ngokweqile kuyilapho iloli lihlala lingaphansi komkhawulo uwonke.

I lahla isigaba somkhiqizo weloli inikeza izinketho ezimbalwa ze-ekseli nebhrendi, kodwa ukucaciswa kokuthenga kufanele kuchaze umsebenzi ngaphambi kokukhishwa kwesakhiwo esithile.

Chaza umjikelezo wokudonsa ngaphambi kokukhetha iloli

Ukukhethwa komsindo kuqala ngezinto kanye nomzila. Isihlabathi, inhlabathi, i-aggregate, insimbi, imfucumfucu yokudilizwa kanye nodaka olumanzi kubeka inhlanganisela ehlukene yokuminyana, ukuhuzuka, umthelela kanye nokuziphatha okunamathelayo. Umthelela wabo udlulela ngalé komzimba: isisindo esilayishiwe sishintsha ukulinganiswa, isidingo sokubhuleka, umthwalo wamasondo kanye nokucindezeleka okubekwa ku-chassis phakathi nemijikelezo ephindaphindiwe.

Ulwazi lomzila kufanele luhlanganise nebanga elilayishiwe nelingenalutho, ukuthambeka okuphezulu okuzinzile, indawo yokujika eqine kakhulu, isimo esingaphezulu, isivinini esilindelekile kanye nenani lokuhamba komgwaqo womphakathi. Iloli elisebenza emzileni ohlangene wokwakha kungenzeka linganikezeli ukudonsa noma imvume yomhlabathi edingekayo emgwaqeni wemayini ethambile. Ngokuphambene, ukucushwa okugxile emgwaqeni kungathwala isisindo esengeziwe kanye nokumelana nokugoqa okunikeza inzuzo encane kwezokuthutha ezigandayiwe.

Okuhlosiwe kokukhiqiza kudinga umjikelezo ogcwele, hhayi nje ukukhokhelwa ngohambo ngalunye. Isikhathi sokulayisha, ulayini, ukuhamba, ukuthulula kanye nesikhathi sokubuya sinquma ukuthi mangaki amathani umkhumbi ongahamba ngaso sonke isikhathi. Imoto encane efana nesilayishi nomzila ingadlula iloli elikhulu elilinda ebusweni bokulayisha, ayikwazi ukujika kahle noma ihamba kancane ngamamaki.

Umthwalo okhokhelwayo kufanele uhlolwe ngokumelene nevolumu yomzimba kanye nokusabalalisa kwe-asi

Ukuhlola okubalulekile okuyisisekelo kulula: umthamo womzimba odingekayo uhlobene nomthwalo okhokhelwayo ohlukaniswe ukuminyana kwenqwaba okuxekethile. Isinqumo sobunjiniyela asilula kangako ngoba ukuminyana kuyahlukahluka, okubalulekile kunganqwabelana ngaphezu kwezinhlangothi zomzimba, futhi izimo ezimanzi zingandisa isisindo. Abathengi kufanele bahlinzeke ngebanga lokuminyana elingokoqobo kunevelu eyodwa yethemba.

Ubude bomzimba kanye nendawo yesikhungo somthwalo kuthinta ukusatshalaliswa kwe-ekseli. Ukuyisa umthwalo phambili kungalayisha kakhulu i-axle yokuqondisa; ukuyiyisa emuva kakhulu ingalayisha kakhulu iqembu le-tandem futhi iguqule ukuphatha. Yingakho isimangalo somthwalo ojwayelekile wokukhokha singanele. Umphakeli kufanele ahlinzeke ngomdwebo womzimba ohlongozwayo kanye nesibalo somthwalo we-ekseli noma okunye ukuhlola okubhaliwe kokusabalalisa kokucushwa okunikezwayo.

I-Tare mass nayo idinga ukunakwa. Ipuleti eliwugqinsi, ukuqinisa okwengeziwe, i-liner, umthamo omkhulu kaphethiloli kanye nezinsiza ezisindayo kungakhuphula ukuqina noma ukuzimela, kodwa ikhilogremu ngayinye engezwe emotweni engenalutho inciphisa ukukhokhelwa okutholakala phakathi kwesisindo esinqunyiwe. Umzimba ongcono kakhulu yilowo ofaniswe nendlela yomthwalo kanye nokulayisha, hhayi nje ukwakhiwa okunzima kakhulu okutholakalayo.

Qondanisa i-powertrain ne-driveline nomzila olayishiwe

Amandla amahhashi kulula ukuwaqhathanisa futhi kulula ukuwasebenzisa kabi. Ukulinganiswa kokulayisha kuncike ku-torque yenjini, izilinganiso zokudlulisela, isilinganiso sokushayela kokugcina, irediyasi egingqikayo amathayi nesisindo esikhulu. Isidingo sokupholisa, izinga lokushisa le-ambient nokuphakama kokusebenza kungase kuthinte ukufaneleka kwe-powertrain. Ngakho-ke i-RFQ kufanele ichaze umzila nesivinini esilindelekile sokusebenza kunokubuza inombolo yamandla amahhashi kuphela.

I-6x4 driveline ithumela amandla kuwo womabili ama-ekseli angemuva, ihlinzeka ngesisekelo sokudonsa esiwusizo somsebenzi wokwakha nowokudonsa. Ayenzi yonke i-6×4 ifanele yonke indawo. Iphethini yamasondo, inqubomgomo yengcindezi yamasondo, ukuhlelwa komehluko, ukumiswa nokulungiswa komgwaqo kusenomthelela ekudonseni nasekuhambeni. Abathengi abasebenza emizileni ethambile, enamatshe ajulile noma ewumqansa kungase kudingeke baqhathanise ukumiswa kwe-ekseli okuhlukile noma imoto eyakhelwe inhloso engekho emgwaqweni.

Imishini yokubhula idinga umongo womzila ofanayo. Ukwehla okude kungenza i-axiliary braking kanye nokuphatha okushisayo kubaluleke kakhulu kunokuba kuvele kukhotheshini yomzila oyisicaba. Imakethe yendawo ingase futhi inqume ukubamba amabhuleki, ukukhanyisa, ukuvikeleka okungahambi kahle, ukukhishwa kwegesi noma ezinye izidingo zemoto yomgwaqo. Lezi zinto kufanele ziqinisekiswe ezweni langempela ezisebenza kulo kunokuba zikopishwe emotweni ehlinzekwe kwenye indawo.

Umzimba kanye nesistimu ye-hydraulic yakha indlela eyodwa yokuthipha

Umzimba, ihinge, uzimele omncane lapho kufanele khona, isilinda, iphampu, i-PTO, ithangi, amavalvu nohlelo lokulawula kufanele kusebenze njengokuhlanganisa okuhambisanayo. Usayizi womzimba nesikhungo somthwalo kuthonya amandla okuphakamisa. Ijiyomethri yesilinda ithonya isigaba sokuqala sokuphakamisa, i-engeli yokugcina namandla adluliswa ngesakhiwo esikhuphukayo. Ukugeleza kwephampu kuthinta isikhathi somjikelezo, kuyilapho amandla okucindezela kanye nezilungiselelo zokukhulula zivikela isistimu ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo yayo yokuklama.

Ukukhetha kwe-tailgate kufanele kuhambisane nendawo ebonakalayo nendawo yokukhipha. Idizayini esebenzela isamba esigeleza mahhala ingase iziphathe ngendlela ehlukile ngempahla emanzi noma ehlangene. Umsebenzisi kufanele akwazi ukukhulula umthwalo ngokubikezela, futhi i-engeli yokusikisela ehlongozwayo idinga ukucatshangelwa kanye nejiyomethri yomzimba nokuziphatha okubalulekile.

Ukufinyelela kwesevisi kuyingxenye yokucaciswa. Izihlungi, amapayipi, ama-seal kanye nezingxenye ezibalulekile ze-hydraulic kufanele zibonakale, futhi izindawo zokulungisa akufanele zivinjwe umzimba ofakiwe. Kumaphrojekthi akude, uhlu lokuqala lwezingxenye ezisele lungabaluleka kakhulu kunento engenakho ukwesekwa kwasendaweni.

Ukuzinza kwethiphu kuyimfuneko yokusebenza, hhayi isici ozikhethela sona

Umzimba wokulahla ophakanyisiwe uhambisa isikhungo esihlangene samandla adonsela phansi phezulu. I-cross-slope, umhlabathi othambile, ukulayisha okungalingani, izinto ezinamathele ohlangothini olulodwa kanye nokusekela okungalungile kwamasondo kunganciphisa ukuzinza. Ukuthipha okuphephile kudinga indawo eqinile, esezingeni eliphansi, imvume engaphezulu eyanele kanye nomthwalo ongaphuma ngaphandle kokudala ukungalingani okukhulu ohlangothini.

Lezi zimo zokusebenza nazo zinomthelela ekuthengeni. Iphrojekthi yokuphatha impahla enamathelayo ingase idinge umumo womzimba ofanelekile, ulayini noma insiza yokukhipha. Isayithi elinezindawo ezibambezelekile zokuthipha ingase idinge ubude bomzimba obuhlukile noma uhlelo lokulayisha. Akukho ukumiswa kweloli okususa isidingo sokulawula indawo, ukusebenza okuqeqeshiwe nokugcinwa, kodwa okokusebenza akufanele kwenze izimo ezaziwayo zibe nzima ukuphatha.

Ukuhlolwa kokwamukela kungaqinisekisa ukuphakamisa, ukubamba, ukwehlisa, ukusebenza kwe-tailgate, ukuvuza nokulawula ukuziphatha. Ayikwazi ukukhiqiza kabusha zonke izimo zenkambu. Incwadi yokusebenza, inqubo yendawo kanye nokuqeqeshwa kokugunyazwa kufanele kuthwale umngcele osele ekusebenzeni.

I-matrix yokuhlola engokoqobo

I-matrix igcina ukuhlola kuxhumene nephrojekthi yangempela. Iphinde ihlukanise imibuzo emithathu evame ukuxutshwa ndawonye: lokho umthengi akudingayo, lokho umphakeli akunikezayo nokuthi yibuphi ubufakazi obuzofakazela okufanayo.

Ubufakazi bokuhlola kufanele buhlonze iloli langempela

Izithombe zefekthri ezijwayelekile aziqinisekisi iyunithi yokukhiqiza. Ubufakazi kufanele buxhume imoto ehloliwe ekuhlonzeni i-chassis yayo kanye nemininingwane egunyaziwe. Irekhodi lokuhlola lingafaka ukucushwa okuphelele, ubukhulu obuyinhloko, ukukhwezwa komzimba, amathayi, ukuvuza koketshezi, ukusebenza kukagesi, amalambu, izilawuli zekhebhu, amasheke amabhuleki ngaphakathi kwendawo okuvunyelwene ngayo, ukusebenza kwamanzi, ukuziphatha kwe-tailgate nomsebenzi obonakalayo.

Okwe- I-DONGFENG 6 × 4 iloli yokulahla, ikhasi lomkhiqizo lihlonza umndeni wemodeli ohlosiwe. Ukugunyazwa kokukhiqiza kusafanele kuncike ekucushweni okusayiniwe, ekubuyekezweni komdwebo nokuchezuka okubhaliwe. Uma ingxenye inikezwa njengelinganayo, umphakeli kufanele asho ushintsho ngaphambi kokukhiqizwa futhi anikeze ulwazi oludingekayo ukuze kuvunywe.

Ubufakazi bangaphambi kokuthunyelwa kufanele futhi bubonise insiza yokugcina kanye nobubanzi bezingxenye ezisele. Amathuluzi angekho, izihlungi, izigxivizo noma amamanuwali angase angabizi lapho asuka khona futhi kube nzima ukuwashintsha endaweni ekude. Uhlu lokupakisha oluxhunywe ezithombeni lunciphisa leyo ngozi.

Imibuzo abathengi abavame ukuyibuza

Ingabe "iloli lokulahla amasondo angu-10" lihlala lisho ukukhokhelwa okufanayo?

Cha. Leli gama livame ukuchaza ukuhlelwa kwamasondo, hhayi isigaba somthwalo wonke. Ukukhokha kuncike esilinganisweni semoto, i-tare mass, ukusatshalaliswa kwe-asi, isondo ne-asiseli, ukwakheka komzimba kanye nemithetho esebenza lapho iloli lisebenza khona.

Ingabe iloli lokulahla i-6x4 liwufanele umsebenzi wami?

Ingafanela imigwaqo egciniwe yezimayini kanye neyokudonsa ngokwakha lapho isitimela sikagesi, amathayi, ukumiswa, indawo esuswayo kanye nomzimba kuhambisana nomsebenzi. Imizila ethambile kakhulu, emaweni noma engalingani kakhulu ingase idinge okunye ukumisa. Idatha yomzila kufanele inqume impendulo.

Kufanele kukhethwe kanjani umthamo womzimba?

Sebenzisa umthwalo okhokhelwayo oqondiwe kanye nokuminyana okungokoqobo okuxekethile, bese uhlola umphumela ngokumelene nemikhawulo ye-gross kanye ne-ekseli. Vumela ukushintshashintsha kokuminyana nanoma yimuphi ulayini noma ukuqinisa okushintsha ubunzima bokhula. Umzimba omkhulu awuwona umzimba okhokha kakhulu ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Yini okufanele ihlolwe ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa?

Qinisekisa ubunikazi bemoto, ukumiswa okunikezwayo, ubukhulu, amathayi, ukukhwezwa komzimba, imisebenzi kagesi, ukuvuza okubonakalayo, ukuphakamisa nokwehlisa ama-hydraulic, ukusebenza kwe-tailgate, izesekeli, izingxenye eziyisipele namadokhumenti. Uhlelo lokuhlola okuvunyelwene ngalo kufanele lusho indlela yokuhlola kanye nerekhodi lokwamukela.

Lungiselela i-RFQ mayelana nomsebenzi okumele wenziwe iloli

Thumela izwe okusebenza ngalo, impahla kanye nebanga lokuminyana, ukulayishwa okuhlosiwe, okokusebenza kokulayisha, ibanga lokudonsa, i-gradient ephezulu, isimo somgwaqo, indawo ethiphu, amashifu ngosuku, izici zomzimba ezifiswayo, ububanzi bokuhlola, izidingo zedokhumenti, ubuningi newindi lokulethwa. Cela umphakeli ukuthi abuyisele ukucushwa okuphelele okunikezwayo, umdwebo womzimba ohlongozwayo, ishejuli yengxenye ye-hydraulic, izipele ezifakiwe, uhlu lwemibhalo kanye nakho konke ukuchezuka esicelweni.

Leyo mininingwane ingathunyelwa nge- ifomu lokubuza ngephrojekthi yezobuchwepheshe. Impendulo ewusizo kufanele yenze umngcele womsebenzi weloli ubonakale ngaphambi kokuqhathaniswa kwentengo noma ukugunyazwa kokukhiqizwa, ikakhulukazi lapho incazelo yasendaweni ethi "10 Wheeler" ihluka ekucushweni okuzenzakalelayo komhlinzeki.